The MAX (Male Adult voXel) phantom has been developed from existing segmented images of a male adult body, in order to achieve representation as close possible the anatomical properties reference specified by ICRP. study describes adjustments soft-tissue organ masses, new dosimetric model for skin, skeletal dosimetry and computational exposure based on coupling with EGS4 Monte Carlo code. Conversion coefficients between equivalent dose red bone marrow well effective air-kerma free air...

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has created a task group dose calculations, which, among other objectives, should replace the currently used mathematical MIRD phantoms by voxel phantoms. Voxel are based digital images recorded from scanning of real persons computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared to phantoms, true natural representations human body. Connected radiation transport code, serve as virtual humans for which equivalent organs...

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is currently preparing new recommendations which will replace those released in ICRP 1991, 1990 Recommendations of the Publication 60 (Oxford: Pergamon). draft report previews a change for effective dose with respect to number organs and tissues be included its calculation. In future, adipose tissue, connective extrathoracic airways, gall bladder, heart wall, lymphatic nodes, prostate salivary glands have taken into account...

CALDose_X is a software tool that provides the possibility of calculating incident air kerma (INAK) and entrance surface (ESAK), two important quantities used in x-ray diagnosis, based on output equipment. Additionally, uses conversion coefficients (CCs) to assess absorbed dose organs tissues human body, effective as well patient's cancer risk for radiographic examinations. The CCs, ratios between organ or tissue doses measurable quantities, have been calculated with FAX06 MAX06 phantoms 34...

Female and male adult human phantoms, called FASH (Female Adult meSH) MASH (Male meSH), have been developed in the first part of this study using 3D animation software anatomical atlases to replace image-based FAX06 MAX06 voxel phantoms. modelling methods allow for phantom development independent from medical images patients, volunteers or cadavers. The second investigates dosimetric implications organ tissue equivalent doses due differences between new old These are mainly caused by supine...

The International Commission on Radiological Protection intends to revise the organ and tissue equivalent dose conversion coefficients published in various reports. For this purpose mathematical human medical internal radiation (MIRD) phantoms, actually use, have be replaced by recently developed voxel-based phantoms. This study investigates dosimetric consequences, especially with respect effective male dose, if not only a MIRD phantom is voxel phantom, but also compositions transport codes...

To study the doses received by patient submitted to ionizing radiation, several materials are used simulate human tissue and organs. The total mass attenuation coefficient is a reasonable way for evaluating usage in dosimetry of these materials. determined photon energy constituent elements material. Currently, phantoms composed unique material that presents characteristics similar mean proprieties different tissues within region. Therefore, usually homogeneous filled with soft tissue. We...

For the last two decades, organ and tissue equivalent dose as well effective conversion coefficients recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) have been determined with exposure models based stylized MIRD5-type phantoms representing human body its radiosensitive organs tissues according to ICRP Reference Man released in Publication No. 23, Monte Carlo codes sometimes simulating rather simplified radiation physics compositions from different sources. Meanwhile...

3D-microCT images of vertebral bodies from three different individuals have been segmented into trabecular bone, bone marrow and surface cells (BSC), then introduced the spongiosa voxels MAX06 FAX06 phantoms, in order to calculate equivalent dose red (RBM) BSC cavities with EGSnrc Monte Carlo code whole-body exposure external photon radiation. The phantoms consist about 150 million 1.2 mm cubic each, a part which are surrounded by cortical bone. In use for skeletal dosimetry, phantom were...

This paper describes the development of a tomographic model rat developed using CT images an adult male Wistar for radiation transport studies. It also presents calculations absorbed fractions (AFs) under internal photon and electron sources this Monte Carlo code MCNP. All data related to phantom were made available scientific community as well MCNP inputs prepared AF in that all estimated values, which could be used obtain dose estimates--following MIRD methodology--in rats similar size...

Micro computed tomography (µCT) images of human spongiosa have recently been used for skeletal dosimetry with respect to external exposure photon radiation. In this previous investigation, the calculation equivalent dose red bone marrow (RBM) and surface cells (BSC) was based on five different clusters micro matrices derived from µCT vertebrae, BSC 10 µm thickness layer determined using an extrapolation method. The purpose study is extend earlier investigation by eight sites introducing...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is the development reference pediatric phantoms for 5‐ and 10‐year‐old children to be used calculation organ tissue equivalent doses in radiation protection. Methods: proposes a method developing anatomically highly sophisticated without using medical images. male female presented here were developed 3D modeling software applied anatomical information taken from atlases textbooks. uses polygon mesh surfaces model body contours, shape organs as well their...

The purpose of this study is the development paediatric reference phantoms for newborn and 1-year-old infants to be used calculation organ tissue equivalent doses in radiation protection. proposes a method developing anatomically highly sophisticated without using medical images. hermaphrodite presented here were developed three-dimensional (3D) modelling software applied anatomical information taken from atlases, textbooks images provided by Department Anatomy Federal University Pernambuco,...

Two skeletal dosimetry methods using µCT images of human bone have recently been developed: the paired-image radiation transport (PIRT) model introduced by researchers at University Florida (UF) in US and systematic–periodic cluster (SPC) method developed Federal Pernambuco Brazil. Both use trabecular (TB) to spongiosa regions bones containing marrow cavities segmented into soft tissue volumes active (AM), inactive endosteum (BE), which is a 50 µm thick layer on all TB surfaces cortical next...

Skeletal dosimetry based on microCT images of trabecular bone has recently been introduced to calculate the red marrow (RBM) and surface cell (BSC) equivalent doses in human phantoms for external exposure photons. In order use skeletal dosimetry, spongiosa voxels skeletons were replaced at run time by so-called micromatrices, which have exactly size a voxel contain segmented micro-voxels. A cluster (=parallelepiped) 2 x = 8 micromatrices was used systematically periodically throughout volume...

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a radiological examination indicated for investigating infertility or uterine and tubal pathologies. Women who undergo HSG are relatively young, typically between 20 years 40 years, equivalent doses to the ovaries usually reported be around 4 mSv per examination. A review of studies on patient dosimetry in revealed that almost all absorbed organs tissues had been calculated with conversion coefficients (CCs) based hermaphrodite versions MIRD5-type phantoms. The...

When the human body is exposed to ionizing radiation, among soft tissues at risk are active marrow (AM) and bone endosteum (BE) located in tiny, irregular cavities of trabecular bone. Determination absorbed fractions (AFs) energy or dose AM BE represent one major challenges dosimetry. Recently, Department Nuclear Energy Federal University Pernambuco, a skeletal dosimetry method based on µCT images introduced into spongiosa voxels phantoms has been developed applied mainly external exposure...

External morphological distinction between young Selene vomer and S. brownii (Carangidae) was studied using multivariate analysis with the purpose to evaluate if other characters than second dorsal pelvic fin spines could be used as distinguishing attributes for juveniles fishes. These are important distinctive characters, but they can absent in juvenile fishes or broken during manipulation. A sample of 389 specimens collected from beach netting at Caiçara do Norte (RN), northeastern Brazil,...

Due to the embryo/fetus radiosensitivity accurate estimation of absorbed dose distribution in abdominal area is an additional problem caused by exposure pregnant women ionizing radiation medical applications. This paper reports construction and insertion a fetal representation female geometry means 3D modeling techniques. In order characterize ECM Grupo de Dosimetria Numerica (GDN) using, mainly, simulators emitting gama sources voxel phantoms coupled MC code. The are predominantly...

According to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), industrial radiography accounts for approximately half of all reported accidents nuclear related industry. Detailed information about these have been published by IAEA in its Safety Report Series, one which describes radiological accident happened 1999 Yanango/Peru. Under unsettled circumstances an 192Ir source was lost from radiographic camera and later picked up a welder, who normally had nothing do with work. The man put into...