We present the first scanning laser ophthalmoscope that uses adaptive optics to measure and correct high order aberrations of human eye. Adaptive increases both lateral axial resolution, permitting sectioning retinal tissue in vivo. The instrument is used visualize photoreceptors, nerve fibers flow white blood cells capillaries.

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) uses infrared light to visualize the reflectivity of structures differing properties within retina. Despite their presence on histologic studies, traditionally acquired SD-OCT images are unable delineate axons photoreceptor nuclei, Henle's fiber layer (HFL). The authors present a new method reliably identify HFL by varying entry position beam through pupil.Fifteen eyes from 11 subjects with normal vision were prospectively imaged using 1...

Purpose.: To study cone photoreceptor structure and function in patients with inherited retinal degenerations treated sustained-release ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Methods.: Two retinitis pigmentosa one Usher syndrome type 2 who participated a phase clinical trial received CNTF delivered by an encapsulated cell technology implant eye sham surgery the contralateral eye. Patients were followed longitudinally over 30 to 35 months. Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO)...

Wave aberrations were measured with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) in the right eye of large young adult population when accommodative demands 0, 3, and 6 D presented to tested through Badal system. Three SHWS images recorded at each demand wave computed over 5-mm pupil (through 6th order Zernike polynomials). The response was calculated from defocus central 3-mm diameter zone. Among all individual terms, spherical aberration showed greatest change accommodation. always negative,...

To investigate macular photoreceptor structure in patients with inherited retinal degeneration using high-resolution images and to correlate the findings clinical phenotypes genetic mutations.Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) of photoreceptors were obtained 16 eyes: five retinitis pigmentosa (RP), three cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), eight without disease. A quadratic model was used illustrate cone spacing as a function eccentricity. Cone at 1 degrees eccentricity compared...

Direct imaging of the retina by adaptive optics allows assessment relative number long-wavelength-sensitive (L) and middle-wavelength-sensitive (M) cones in living human eyes. We examine functional consequences variation numbers L M (L/M cone ratio) for two observers whose ratios were measured direct imaging. The L/M ratio varied considerably, taking on values 1.15 3.79. Two sets data collected: spectral sensitivity with flicker electroretinogram (ERG) wavelength unique yellow. A genetic...

In making noninvasive measurements of the human cone mosaic, task labeling each individual is unavoidable. Manual a time-consuming process, setting motivation for development an automated method. An algorithm cones in adaptive optics (AO) retinal images implemented and tested on real data. The optical fiber properties aided design algorithm. Out 2153 manually labeled from six different images, method correctly identified 94.1% them. agreement between manual methods varied 92.7% to 96.2%...

Purpose.: To demonstrate a noninvasive method to visualize and analyze the parafoveal capillary network in humans. Methods.: An adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope was used acquire high resolution retinal videos on human subjects. Video processing tools that enhance motion contrast were developed applied generate montages of capillaries. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) extracted using video image analysis algorithms. densities immediately outside FAZ calculated variation density as...

The tuning properties of the ensemble cone photoreceptors is due to individual cones convolved with disarray in pointing direction between cones. We used direct imaging Rochester adaptive optics ophthalmoscope directly image these living human eyes. found that very small, accounting for less than 1% breadth function an implication optical fiber mimic a single cone.

Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) under optimized wavefront correction allows for routine imaging of foveal cone photoreceptors. The intersubject variability density was measured and its relation to eye length evaluated.AOSLO used image 18 healthy eyes with axial lengths from 22.86 28.31 mm. Ocular biometry an model were estimate the retinal magnification factor. Individual cones in AOSLO images labeled, locations generate topographic maps representing spatial...

Purpose.: To establish, using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO), that the retinal parafoveal capillary network is altered before onset of diabetic retinopathy in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods.: AOSLO videos were acquired region one eye from control subjects and diabetes no retinopathy. Detailed images generated custom motion contrast enhancement algorithms. The combination enabled simultaneous assessment several features network. Arteriovenous (AV) channels...

purpose. To use high-resolution and contrast imaging techniques to reveal microscopic retinal structures, including individual pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, in human eyes with inherited disease. methods. Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) was used image the macular region patients degenerative diseases, two cone–rod dystrophy one bilateral progressive maculopathy. Images were processed, details analyzed. Fundus-related microperimetry assess visual function within regions...

We have developed a compact, robust adaptive optics (AO) scanning laser ophthalmoscope using microelectromechanical (MEMS) deformable mirror (DM). Facilitated with Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, the MEMS-DM-based AO operates closed-loop modal wave aberration correction for human eye and reduces aberrations in most eyes to below 0.1 microm rms. Lateral resolution is enhanced, images reveal clear cone mosaic near foveal center. The significant increase throughput allows confocal pinhole...

This review starts with a brief history and description of adaptive optics (AO) technology, followed by showcase the latest capabilities AO systems for imaging human retina an extensive literature on where is being used clinically. The concludes discussion future directions guidance usage interpretation images from eye.

The human retina is a uniquely accessible tissue. Tools like scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography provide clinicians with remarkably clear pictures of the living retina. Although anterior optics eye permit such non-invasive visualization associated pathology, same induce significant aberrations that obviate cellular-resolution imaging in most cases. Adaptive (AO) systems use active optical elements to compensate for path between object camera. When...

We demonstrate the capability of a new generation adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) to resolve cones and rods in normal subjects, confirm our findings by comparing cone rod spacing with published histology measurements.Cone measurements are also performed on AOSLO images from two different diseased eyes, one affected achromatopsia other acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR).The potential technology study these retinal diseases is illustrated.

We demonstrate projection of highly stabilized, aberration-corrected stimuli directly onto the retina by means real-time retinal image motion signals in combination with high speed modulation a scanning laser. In three subjects good fixation stability, stimulus location accuracy averaged 0.26 arcminutes or approximately 1.3 microns, which is smaller than cone-to-cone spacing at fovea. also correction for distortions adaptive optics laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) an intraframe about 7 arcseconds.

The outer nuclear layer (ONL) contains photoreceptor nuclei, and its thickness is an important biomarker for retinal degenerations. Accurate ONL measurements are obscured in standard optical coherence tomography (OCT) images because of Henle fiber (HFL). Improved differentiation the HFL boundary made possible by using directional OCT, a method that purposefully varies pupil entrance position OCT beam.Fifty-seven normal eyes were imaged multiple entry positions with commercial spectral domain...

Photoreceptors initiate vision by converting photons to electrical activity. The onset of the phototransduction cascade is marked isomerization photopigments upon light capture. We revealed that accompanied a rapid (<5 ms), nanometer-scale electromechanical deformation in individual human cone photoreceptors. Characterizing this biophysical phenomenon associated with vivo was enabled high-speed phase-resolved optical coherence tomography line-field configuration allowed sufficient...