The exposure of a subject in the far field radiofrequency sources operating 10-900-MHz range has been studied. electromagnetic inside an anatomical heterogeneous model human body computed by using finite-difference time-domain method; corresponding temperature increase evaluated through explicit formulation bio-heat equation. thermal used, which takes into account thermoregulatory system body, validated comparison with experimental data. results show that peak specific absorption rate (SAR)...

In this paper, a complete electromagnetic and thermal analysis has been performed considering the head of subject exposed to various kinds cellular phones available on market, focusing attention important organs like eye lens brain. Attention first posed particular phone model, comparison between absorbed power distribution steady-state temperature increases carried out. The influence different antennas (dipole, monopole, whip, planar inverted F antenna) absorption consequent tissue heating...

A survey of radar systems used in the medical field is presented. First, applications radars are described, and some emerging research fields highlighted. Then, analyzed terms block diagrams behavioral equations implementations shown as examples. section dedicated to radiating structures these radars. Finally, human safety environmental impact issues addressed. The most investigated breast tumor diagnostics remote monitoring cardiorespiratory activity. New interest physiological liquid...

Wireless personal communication is a rapidly expanding sector, particularly in the field of cellular mobile phones and wireless local area networks (WLAN's). In an indoor WLAN system, user terminal can find himself close proximity to radiating antenna. It is, therefore, important consider possible health hazards due this type exposure. As most considered adverse effects electromagnetic (EM) fields are thermal nature, with reference eye, paper, authors have evaluated temperature increase...

An analytical model of an ultrawideband range gating radar is developed. The used for the system design a breath activity monitoring having sub-millimeter movement resolution and fulfilling requirements Federal Communications Commission in terms effective isotropic radiated power. study has allowed to define various subsystems that have been designed realized by means low cost hybrid technology. assembled some performance factors, such as resolution, receiver conversion factor experimentally...

This work tests the ability of a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar to measure respiratory rate and heartbeat subject in challenging indoor scenarios. To simulate realistic configuration for ambient assisted living (AAL) applications, which thorax orientation towards antenna is typically unknown, four different scenarios were considered. Measurements performed on five volunteers positioned with chest, left, back, right side facing antenna, respectively. The 5.8 GHz antennas...

In spite of the technological advancement healthcare system, monitoring skin hydration still remains a challenging task. particular, state-of-the-art solutions are inadequate to obtain continuous real-time monitoring, especially in wearable perspective. Starting from these considerations, this article addresses implementation an innovative device that can monitor through microwave reflectometry technique. To purpose, new flexible sensing element (SE) was designed, manufactured, and validated...

In this paper, a time domain reflectometry (TDR)-based system for measuring water content of raw construction materials is presented. The proposed relies on the fact that presence leads to an increase dielectric permittivity materials; therefore, from TDR-based measurements, it possible infer value. practical applications, could be used assessing intrinsic before they are poured into concrete mixture. Knowing materials, in fact, would allow evaluate optimal amount should added mixture order...

In this paper, the human exposure to electromagnetic field radiated by a radio base-station antenna operating around 900 MHz in an urban environment has been analyzed. A hybrid ray-tracing/finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method used evaluate incident and power absorbed exposed subject presence of reflecting walls. The characterized means its radiation pattern, evaluated with FDTD analysis typical panel antenna. Three particular situations for rooftop mounted have considered. all...

A numerically efficient way to evaluate specific absorption rate (SAR) deposition and temperature elevation inside the head of a user cellular phone equipped with dual-band monopole-helix antenna is proposed. The considered operates at both frequencies (900 1800 MHz) employed in global system for mobile communication. results obtained show that, given radiated power, although maximum SAR value as averaged over 1 g brain higher 900 MHz than MHz, increase MHz. However, taking into account that...

An experimental setup for complex mono-static radar cross section (RCS) measurements in the 1–10-GHz-frequency band, employing a suitably modified semianechoic chamber, is presented and characterized. The foreseen application measurement of RCS human body during respiratory activity, to ease design optimization ultrawideband (UWB) systems breath-activity monitoring. proposed test range calibrated by means readily available aluminum flat panel its performance tested against canonical targets,...

In this paper, different customized systems for microwave permittivity measurements on liquid samples, based reflectometric measurements, are presented and analyzed. Their performance is compared against the one deriving from most widely adopted commercial measurement setup. The designed with aim of providing less expensive solutions without compromising accuracy. purpose first proposed solution to replace software exploiting a reformulation classical theory. Based alternative formulation,...

Unobtrusive and continuous monitoring of vital signs is becoming more important both for patient in the home environment sports activity tracking. Even though many gadgets clinical systems exist, need simple, low-cost easily applicable solutions still remains, especially view a widespread use within everyone’s reach. The paper presents fully wearable wireless sensorized belt, suitable to simultaneously acquire respiratory cardiac signals employing single acquisition channel. adopted method...

One of the major goals Health 4.0 is to offer personalized care patients, also through real-time, remote monitoring their biomedical parameters. In this regard, wearable systems are crucial deliver continuous appropriate care. For some parameters, there a number well established that adequate solutions for patient monitoring. On other hand, skin hydration still remains challenging task. The physiological parameter extremely important in several contexts, example athletes, sick people,...

A fast low-cost through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI) system, based on a vector network analyzer (VNA), couple of switches and an array Vivaldi antennas, has been designed, realized, tested. To solve the TWRI inversion problem, original theoretical modeling for class techniques whose basic functions are cross-range Fourier transform (FT) scattered field its covariance operator proposed. Using these functions, four conventional algorithms, namely delay sum (DAS), FT, multiple signal...

In this work, the dielectric permittivity of four kinds wood (Fir, Poplar, Oak, and Beech Tree), used in Italian Artworks structures, was characterized at different humidity levels. Measurements were carried out using three probes connected to a bench vector network analyzer: standard WR90 X-band waveguide, WR430 an open-ended coaxial probe. particular, we investigated dispersion model for species, showing how log-fit data presents determination coefficient R2 > 0.990 1−12 GHz frequency...

In this paper, a time-domain reflectometry (TDR) based system for monitoring liquid level inside tanks is presented. The proposed resorts to flexible, two-wire probe, which can be attached the walls of containers and adapted their shape. particularly useful industrial applications; in fact, after preliminary calibration, it measure automatically real time liquids (even tens meters tall). was tested on metallic nonmetallic containers. latter case, as probe positioned outside wall container,...

In this paper, a performance analysis, in terms of accuracy, linearity, and repeatability, three criteria to estimate the time flight time-domain reflectometry (TDR) signals is carried out. first set experiments, [referred as maximum derivative (MD), zero derivative, tangent crossing (TC)] are applied TDR propagating along coaxial cables, with different known lengths electrical parameters. second same biwire cables air, unknown Finally, last more complex situation, i.e., on used sensing...

Impedance plethysmography is a technique that allows monitoring changes in the volume of specific tissues or organs inside human body, through measurement variations bio-impedance between electrodes placed on body surface. One its best-known applications respiratory activity based trans-thoracic impedance measurements. Provided system has enough sensitivity, can also allow detection heartbeats, thus adding cardiac capabilities. In this paper, low-cost and easily portable volt-amperometric...

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by early impairment in social and communication domains autonomic nervous system unbalance. This study evaluated heart rate (HR) as possible indicator of stress response children with ASD compared to language (LD). Twenty-four patients [mean age = 42.62 months; SD 8.14 months,12 (10 M/2F) 12 LD (8 M/4F)] underwent clinical [Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised, Diagnostic Observation Schedule,...

The problem of water scarcity affects many areas the world due to mismanagement and overconsumption and, more recently, climate change. Monitoring integrity distribution systems is, therefore, increasingly important avoid waste clean water. This paper presents a new signal processing technique for enhancing performance methodology leak detection in pipes based on time domain reflectometry (TDR). is particular kind TDR inversion (spatial TDR) "gray-box" lumped parameter model system. does not...