3 experiments were conducted to investigate the claim made by Wimmer, Hogrefe, and Perner that 3-4-year-old children do not understand people gain knowledge about something looking at it. The first experiment involved a simple forced-choice procedure in which had judge of 2 assistants knew what was inside box when one looked other lifted it up. In this experiment, did realize assistant who its contents. second followed Wimmer et al. procedure, but with simpler question form. just asked state...

The hypothesis that a growth in working memory capacity could explain the observed development of theory mind preschoolers was tested. Fifty-four 3- to 5-year-olds were administered: two false belief tasks as measures development; "false" photograph parallel typical tasks, but involving nonmental representations; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test -Revised (PPVT-R); and (backward digit span, BDS, forward FDS). A multiple linear regression analysis revealed BDS significantly predicted...

The paper reports on a field study permeable, reservoir pavement constructed in 1986 at Nottingham, UK; surfaced with concrete block paving; and different sub-base stone-type each of four reservoirs, from which the discharges were monitored for quantity water quality. Hydrological relationships involving rainfall, outflow, outflow duration antecedent conditions are presented. Water quality parameters shown to be stable value after some six months, by time surface contaminants stone had been...

This study examined the relationship between development of theory mind and belief terms think, know, guess. Children with autism Asperger syndrome, matched to children specific language impairment normal development, completed false belief, term comprehension, expression tasks. The autistic group's performance on tasks was significantly poorer than that Asperger, impaired, groups. Across groups an association found performance. Results support a growing body literature demonstrating links...

Accurate and effective analysis of microplastics depends on the purification any biogenic matter present in environmental sample. Within soil environment, presence materials (living non-living) obstruct reliable identification microplastics. However, while conventional acidic, alkaline, wet peroxidation methods are often used for purification, they can result significant alteration to polymer integrity. To overcome this issue damage, we have developed a more efficient protocol using enzymes...

The paper reports on the first 300 days of a research project conducted at Coventry University, which has focused ability permeable pavement, reservoir structure to retain and treat petroleum-derived pollutants through in situ microbial bio-degradation. required construction full-scale model pavement laboratory, been subjected prolonged low-level hydrocarbon contamination, representative typical loadings urban surfaces such as highways car parks. Water quality bio-degradation indicators have...

Permeable pavements and similar stormwater control devices have not been exploited in the UK, part because their adoption has hindered by a lack of detailed knowledge hydrological performance. This paper describes research programme that produced information on behaviour car park surface. The study involved construction full-scale permeable pavement model structures rainfall simulator for use laboratory. A monitoring procedure was developed order to measure inputs changes drainage, storage...

Coping strategies endorsed by adolescents in dealing with a potential threat to their health were assessed study which investigated components of protection motivation theory. Year 9 and 10 high school students presented information about cardiovascular disease risk the role exercise maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness. Three specified theory manipulated: response efficacy (effectiveness preventing disease), costs (costs associated taking up regular program exercise) self‐efficacy (belief...

Construction details are given of an experimental permeable pavement, comprising four separate sub-base sections containing different stone or crushed rock. Sub--base drain effluents have been monitored for discharge volume, flow rate and water quality parameters on the sections. Preliminary results presented which indicate that usefu1 volume reductions may be obtained via pavements, enhanced by sedimentation other treatment processes occurring within pavement. Effluent improved as compared...

Phosphorus (P) removal mechanisms from waste stabilization pond effluent by a melter slag filter were investigated. The studied had treated for decade, but lost its P efficiency after 5 years. distribution in the was examined scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), diffraction (XRD), and chemical fractionation. results showed to be covered film comprising metal oxides/oxyhydroxides, organic resin, Fe-phosphate precipitates. porous matrix...

The assertive speech acts of children with autism (n = 12) and Asperger syndrome 12), individually matched to specific language impairment (SLI; n 24) normal development were studied in the context gently structured conversation. These also completed false belief test theory mind. used significantly lower proportions assertions involving explanations descriptions than SLI or internal state syndrome. a higher proportion identifications any other group. generally not different those except for...