Abstract Gibberellins (GAs) are essential regulators of plant development, and DELLAs negative GA signaling. The mechanism GA-dependent transcription has been explained by DELLA-mediated titration transcriptional activators their release through the degradation in response to GA. However, effect on genome-wide expression is predominantly repression, suggesting existence unknown mechanisms function. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis thaliana DELLA binding factor, GAI-ASSOCIATED...

Cell expansion, a developmental process regulated by both endogenous programs and environmental stimuli, is critically important for plant growth. Here, we report the isolation characterization of RSG (for repression shoot growth), transcriptional activator with basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain. To examine role in development, generated transgenic tobacco plants expressing dominant-negative form RSG, which repressed activity full-length RSG. In plants, this expression severely inhibited...

Gibberellins (GAs) are essential regulators of many aspects plant development, including stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. RSG is a transcriptional activator with basic leucine zipper domain that regulates endogenous amounts GAs through the control GA biosynthetic enzyme. The ubiquitous expression in organs suggests an involvement post-transcriptional and/or post-translational modifications transcription factor. Here, we identify 14-3-3 signaling proteins as binding partners....

Abstract Negative feedback is a fundamental mechanism of organisms to maintain the internal environment within tolerable limits. Gibberellins (GAs) are essential regulators many aspects plant development, including seed germination, stem elongation, and flowering. GA biosynthesis regulated by in plants. 3-oxidase (GA3ox) catalyzes final step biosynthetic pathway produce physiologically active GAs. Here, we found that only AtGA3ox1 among AtGA3ox family Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) under...

The homeostasis of gibberellins (GAs) is maintained by negative feedback in plants. REPRESSION OF SHOOT GROWTH (RSG) a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) transcriptional activator that has been suggested to play role GA the regulation biosynthetic enzymes. 14-3-3 signaling proteins negatively regulate RSG sequestering it cytoplasm response GAs. phosphorylation on Ser-114 essential for binding RSG. Here, we identified Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK1) as an promotes CDPK1 interacts with manner...

Abstract Flowering is the developmental transition from vegetative to reproductive phase. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION CONSTANS1 (SOC1), and LEAFY (LFY) are floral integrators. These genes repressed by several repressors including EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3), SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP), TEMPRANILLO1 (TEM1), TEM2. Although gibberellin (GA) promotes flowering activating integrator genes, exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. DELLAs negative regulators in GA signaling...

REPRESSION OF SHOOT GROWTH (RSG) is a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) transcriptional activator with basic Leu zipper domain that regulates endogenous amounts of gibberellins (GAs) by the control GA biosynthetic enzyme. The 14-3-3 signaling proteins have been suggested to suppress RSG sequestering it in cytoplasm. Here, we show phosphorylation on Ser-114 important for binding. We found levels regulate intracellular localization RSG. translocated into nucleus response reduction levels. treatment...

A cDNA clone for an auxin-regulated gene was isolated from a tobacco mesophyll protoplast library by differential screening. Nucleotide, sequence analysis showed that the deduced product of gene, which we have designated par, is hydrophilic and composed 220 amino acids. No significant homology to other known proteins detected. The mRNA par approximately 900 bases long its accumulation detected in cultured protoplasts as early 30 min after addition 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid culture...

Abstract Protein kinases are major signaling molecules that involved in a variety of cellular processes. However, the molecular mechanisms whereby protein discriminate specific substrates still largely unknown. Ca2+-dependent (CDPKs) play central roles Ca2+ plants. Previously, we found tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) CDPK1 negatively regulated transcription factor REPRESSION OF SHOOT GROWTH (RSG), which is gibberellin feedback regulation. Here, variable N-terminal domain necessary for...

A servoanalysis of the feedback control system for lens accommodation has been based upon experimental evidence designed to explore nonlinear properties. Because these nonlinearities are essential functioning system, a describing function approach was employed. Computation served obtain open-loop characteristics. The transfer linear part is F( s) = 4 ( 1 + 0.15s) e-0." s 2 [ 0.3( 0.08)] 0.08s) 2) 4) and some assignments portions this equation physical elements suggested. no-memory...

Gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones that regulate many aspects of plant growth and development, including germination, elongation, flowering, floral development. Negative feedback regulation contributes to homeostasis the GA level. DELLAs negative regulators signaling rapidly degraded in presence GAs. target genes, AtGA20ox2 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), encoding GA-biosynthetic enzyme 20-oxidase. As do not have an apparent DNA-binding motif, transcription factors act association with...

Process control applications and algorithms suited for microprocessors are surveyed. Applications noted both in large, general purpose process systems specialized that have been made possible by the availability of computing power small packages. Distributed use extended data buses (data highways), extensive microprocessors, becoming standard systems. General still utilize proportional-integral-derivative (PID) variants them most part. Some recent research results on designed stand-alone,...

Experiments have been designed to demonstrate that the human accommodative system operates with an even-error signal mechanism under restricted monocular viewing conditions. Retinal blur is such input and, thus, these experimental results add evidence considering as effective in accommodation. The random 50 percent erroneous initial direction of movement a null result which should be robust variety artifacts may contaminated previously published results.

Abstract Jasmonate (JA) and gibberellins (GAs) exert antagonistic effects on plant growth development in response to environmental endogenous stimuli. Although the crosstalk between JA GA has been elucidated, role of biosynthesis remains unclear. Therefore, this study, we investigated mechanism underlying JA-mediated regulation levels Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Transient electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that transcription factor MYC2 regulates inactivation genes. Using...

Abstract Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes that catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals. Chloroplasts have two isozymes, copper/zinc SOD (Cu/ZnSOD) and iron (FeSOD), encoded by nuclear genes. Because bryophytes considered as earliest land plants, they one most interesting plant models for adaptation against oxidative stress. In a previous study, we found FeSOD gene was expressed under Cu-deficient conditions repressed high-Cu-supply conditions; on other hand,...

A molecular mechanism to ensure signaling specificity is a scaffold. REPRESSION OF SHOOT GROWTH (RSG) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) transcription factor that involved in gibberellin feedback regulation. The 14-3-3 proteins negatively regulate RSG by sequestering it the cytoplasm response gibberellins. N. tabacum Ca2+-dependent protein kinase NtCDPK1 was identified as an promotes binding of phosphorylation RSG. CDPKs are unique sensor responders Ca2+ only found plants and some protozoans. Here,...

Gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones that regulate growth and development throughout the life cycle of plants. RSG (REPRESSION OF SHOOT GROWTH) is a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) transcriptional activator with basic leucine zipper domain regulates endogenous amount GAs by control GA biosynthetic enzymes. Negative feedback contributes to homeostasis levels. Previous studies suggested directly or indirectly involved in negative NtGA20ox1 encoding 20-oxidase. Using transgenic plants, we have...

Journal Article Auxin-Regulated Genes Get access Yohsuke Takahashi, Takahashi Department of Plant Sciences, Graduate School Science, University TokyoHongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sarahmi Ishida, Ishida Toshiyuki Nagata and Cell Physiology, Volume 36, Issue 3, April 1995, Pages 383–390, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078771 Published: 01 1995 history Received: 26 December 1994

As part of an extended search for auxin-regulated genes other than parA and parB in the cDNA library from cultured tobacco mesophyll protoplasts, we have isolated a gene designated parC. This is expressed during transition G0 to S phase cell cycle. The nucleotide sequence parC was similar that parA. Using as probe C-7 by hybridization at reduced stringency. Even though related parC, parA, its mode expression was, our surprise, completely different predominantly mature leaves freshly prepared...

DELLA proteins play a central role in gibberellin (GA) signaling. GA triggers degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby promoting plant growth. An increase cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) was observed previously after several hours of application. Recent studies also suggest existence DELLA-independent response. However, effect on GA-induced [Ca2+]cyt remains unknown. This study reexamined effects GAs using sensor protein aequorin Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). increased...

Gibberellins (GAs) are important phytohormones for plant growth and development. DELLAs members of the plant-specific GRAS protein family act as repressors GA signaling. rapidly degraded in presence GAs. GA-GID1-DELLA complexes recognized ubiquitinated by SCF(SLY) complex. The sleepy1 (sly1) F-box mutant exhibits dwarfism low-germination phenotypes due to high accumulation DELLAs. Overexpression GID1 sly1 partially rescues these without degradation suggesting that proteolysis independent...