A5085367855- Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
- Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies
- Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
- Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
- Semiconductor materials and interfaces
- ZnO doping and properties
- Thin-Film Transistor Technologies
- Copper-based nanomaterials and applications
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability
- solar cell performance optimization
- nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
- Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
- Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials
- Conducting polymers and applications
- Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics
- Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity
- Injection Molding Process and Properties
- Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
- Ga2O3 and related materials
- Nanofabrication and Lithography Techniques
- Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems
- Firm Innovation and Growth
- Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
- Muon and positron interactions and applications
Holst Centre (Netherlands)
2015-2024
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
2012-2022
University of Twente
2022
Thinfilm (Sweden)
2013-2018
Delft University of Technology
2012-2017
Bellingham Technical College
2017
Materials innovation institute
2014-2015
Van Putten-Gas Energy Observatory (Netherlands)
2010
Radboud University Nijmegen
2007
The degradation of photovoltaic (PV) systems is one the key factors to address in order reduce cost electricity produced by increasing operational lifetime PV systems. To degradation, it imperative know and failure phenomena. This review article has been prepared present an overview state-of-the-art knowledge on reliability modules. Whilst most common technology today mono- multi-crystalline silicon, this aims give a generic summary which relevant for wider range technologies including...
Abstract A comprehensive understanding of failure modes solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is key to extending their operational lifetime in the field. In this review, first, specific associated with mature PV technologies, such as crystalline silicon (c‐Si), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe), are framed by sources modes, development from early‐developmental stages onwards impact upon long term performance modules. These sorted both technology location...
Abstract Estimating the environmental impact of emerging technologies at different stages development is uncertain but necessary to guide investment, research, and development. Here, we propose a systematic procedure assess future impacts technologies. In technology stage (technology readiness level < 9), recommended experience mechanisms take into account are (a) process changes, (b) size scaling effects, (c) synergies. These developments can be based on previous with similar or...
Abstract Sputtered transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are widely accepted electrodes for several types of high‐efficiency solar cells. However, the different sputtering yield atoms makes stoichiometric transfer target material challenging multi‐compounds. Additionally, high kinetic energies arriving species may damage sensitive functional layers beneath. Conversely, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is operated at higher pressures promoting thermalization particles. This leads to and...
Abstract Unencapsulated CIGS solar cells with high and low contents of sodium (Na) potassium (K) were simultaneously exposed to damp heat illumination. The a alkali (Na, K) content exhibited higher initial conversion efficiencies, but degraded severely within 100 h, while the poor samples kept relatively stable performance under degradation resulted in formation rich spots on top ZnO:Al surface samples. This is likely caused by light‐induced Na + migration via grain boundaries absorber...
ABSTRACT Among reliability studies on perovskite photovoltaics (PV) cells and modules, partial shading degradation is a crucial under‐investigated topic. In the present work, we use combination of mapping electroluminescence (EL), photoluminescence (PL), illuminated lock‐in thermography (ILIT) to gain insight into reverse bias mechanisms induced by monolithically interconnected module. Spatial inhomogeneities across cell length are shown play an important role in degradation. A module was...
In protein crystallography, spherulites are considered the result of a failed crystallization experiment. Understanding formation these structures may contribute to finding methods prevent their formation. Here, we present an in situ study on lysozyme grown from sodium nitrate and thiocyanate solutions, investigating morphology growth kinetics using optical microscopy. morphodrom, indicate conditions at which form for lysozyme-nitrate system, showing that liquid-liquid phase separation is...
Two types of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells, both designed for implementation in CIGS modules, were subjected to temperatures between 25 ºC and 105 ºC. Simultaneous exposure AM1.5 illumination allowed the measurement their electrical parameters at these temperatures. These two produced with different deposition routes on soda lime glass (SLG) polyimide (PI) substrates, showed large variations temperature dependency parameters. It was shown that open circuit voltage (Voc) dependent its room...
Abstract A post‐mortem analysis is conducted after potential‐induced degradation (PID) of a commercial copper‐indium‐gallium‐selenide (CIGS) photovoltaic module. After PID, the conversion efficiency total module decreased by 62%. Electroluminescence images show that edges modules were much more affected PID than middle part Coring samples prepared different areas and chemical compositional information various was combined with electrical characterisation, cell modelling luminescence data to...
Undoped and indium-doped ZnO films have been deposited by atmospheric spatial atomic-layer-deposition (spatial-ALD). The stability of their electrical, optical, structural properties has investigated a damp-heat test in an environment with 85% relative humidity at 85 °C. resistivity the increased during exposure mainly due to sharp decrease carrier mobility, while density transparency degraded only partially. increase can be ascribed degradation films, resulting higher level tensile stress,...
Tandem photovoltaics applying perovskite on silicon are considered to be a possible route sustaining continuous efficiency improvements and price reductions. A meaningful market share for such tandems is, however, at least decade away. Herein, comprehensive prospective life cycle assessment was conducted, comparing the full of monofacial bifacial silicon/perovskite tandem panels with single-junction produced up 2050. The end-of-life included recovery silver. Climate change impacts per...
Non-encapsulated CIGS solar cells with different contents of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were simultaneously exposed to damp heat illumination. The higher alkali (Na, K) content exhibited initial conversion efficiencies, but degraded severely within 100 hours, while samples a lower retained their efficiency longer. degradation was likely caused by the migration atoms, leading shunting formation rich spots.
Nonequal current generation in the cells of a photovoltaic module, e.g., due to partial shading, leads operation reverse bias. This quickly causes significant efficiency loss perovskite solar cells. We report more quantitative investigation bias degradation. Various small biases (negative voltages) were applied for different durations. After normalizing voltages with breakdown voltages, we found similar dependences and degradation rate. draw conclusions regarding possible mechanisms propose...
An 'hybrid' degradation setup, in which humidity, temperature and illumination are used order to accelerate of CIGS, has been developed. This setup consists a climate chamber, can vary the humidity. Furthermore, an area 80x80 cm<sup>2</sup> is illuminated, allows both study light induced behvaior in-situ measurement IV curve cell during test, so behavior be observed time. The output automatically logged characteristic parameters like efficiency, currents, voltages, ideality factor resistance...
Abstract An extensive post‐mortem analysis was conducted on a commercial copper‐(indium‐gallium)‐diselenide (CIGS) photovoltaic module that degraded after exposure to the high voltage stress of standardized potential induced degradation (PID) test. We employed custom‐developed coring technique extract samples from full‐size field module, which showed and nondegraded areas (regarded as reference) in electroluminescence PID The resulting solar cell were compared based their electrical...