An estimated 100,000 people work today as commercial content moderators. These moderators are often exposed to disturbing content, which can lead lasting psychological and emotional distress. This literature review investigates moderators' symptomatology, drawing on other occupations involving trauma exposure further guide understanding of both symptoms support mechanisms. We then introduce wellness interventions programmatic technological approaches improving wellness. Additionally, we...

Expert investigators bring advanced skills and deep experience to analyze visual evidence, but they face limits on their time attention. In contrast, crowds of novices can be highly scalable parallelizable, lack expertise. this paper, we introduce the concept shared representations for crowd--augmented expert work, focusing complex sensemaking task image geolocation performed by professional journalists human rights investigators. We built GroundTruth, an online system that uses three...

Social media platform affordances allow users to interact with content and each other in diverse ways. For example, on Twitter, 1 can like, reply, retweet, or quote another tweet. Though it’s clear that these different features various types of interactions, open questions remain about how shape the conversations. We examine two similar, but distinct conversational Twitter — specifically reply vs. are used differently. Focusing polarized discourse around Robert Mueller’s congressional...

Investigators in fields such as journalism and law enforcement have long sought the public's help with investigations. New technologies also allowed amateur sleuths to lead their own crowdsourced investigations - that traditionally only been purview of expert investigators mixed results. Through an ethnographic study a four-day, co-located event over 250 attendees, we examine human infrastructure responsible for enabling success expert-led investigation. We find experts enabled attendees...

This article examines the historical expansion and convergence of fields information behavior human–computer interaction, primarily in terms philosophy underlying each field. Information grew out research library service provision early 1900s, interaction computer science human factors engineering 1960s. While these two have had different origins, purposes, discourses, recent decades, they begun to converge. In this article, we map consider implications for future We conceptualize their...

Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) investigations, which rely entirely on publicly available data such as social media, play an increasingly important role in solving crimes and holding governments accountable. The growing volume of complex nature tasks, however, means there is a pressing need to scale speed up OSINT investigations. Expert-led crowdsourcing approaches show promise, but tend either focus narrow tasks or domains, require resource-intense, long-term relationships between expert...

Online investigations are increasingly conducted by individuals with diverse skill levels and experiences, mixed results. Novice often result in vigilantism or doxxing, while expert have greater success rates fewer mishaps. Many of these experts involved a community practice known as Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), an ethos set techniques for conducting using only publicly available data. Through semi-structured interviews 14 OSINT investigators from nine different organizations, we...

Crowdsourced investigations shore up democratic institutions by debunking misinformation and uncovering human rights abuses. However, current crowdsourcing approaches rely on simplistic collaborative or competitive models lack technological support, limiting their collective impact. Prior research has shown that blending elements of competition collaboration can lead to greater performance creativity, but crowdsourced pose unique analytical ethical challenges. In this paper, we employed a...

In recent years, social media companies have grappled with defining and enforcing content moderation policies surrounding political on their platforms, due in part to concerns about bias, disinformation, polarization. These taken many forms, including disallowing advertising, limiting the reach of topics, fact-checking claims, enabling users hide altogether. However, implementing these requires human judgement label content, it is unclear how well labelers perform at this task, or whether...

Social computing systems—such as social media and e-commerce platforms well search engines collaboration software— not only drive vast economic value societal impact, but are also becoming prominent topics in policy discourse. Although technology companies heavily recruit students from Computer Information Science (CS IS) programs, is a well-established scholarly field within human-computer interaction (HCI) focused on the interactions between people mediated through computational systems,...

Generative AI has the potential to augment artists' creative expression, while simultaneously harming their professions through unethical data collection practices and replacement of human labor. We conducted a thematic analysis social media posts understand perceptions experiences direct indirect impact generative on profession. Our findings also highlight growing public distrust toward artists amidst rise AI, with accusations using tools leading stress fear unemployment. study provides...

Scholars, politicians, and journalists have raised alarm over the potential for AI-generated photos, video, audio - often referred to as deepfakes reduce trust in one another our institutions. Despite these clarion calls, little empirical work exists on how are being used harm individuals outside of non-consensual intimate imagery (NCII). This research provides a preliminary analysis 50 wide-ranging incidents deepfake harm. We find that most common types relational, systemic, financial,...

Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) investigations, which rely entirely on publicly available data such as social media, play an increasingly important role in solving crimes and holding governments accountable. The growing volume of complex nature tasks, however, means there is a pressing need to scale speed up OSINT investigations. Expert-led crowdsourcing approaches show promise but tend either focus narrow tasks or domains require resource-intense, long-term relationships between expert...

The design of technology can result in unintended and unethical consequences. Despite a recent upswing interventions for enabling more ethical design, however, there is little empirical evidence on which strategies work why. In this review provocation, we detail how research the psychology belief behavior change help shift culture within teams, organizations, industry broadly. We suggest three approaches, each supported by evidence: (1) questioning intuitive assumptions, (2) highlighting...

Social media platforms have enabled extremists to organize violent events, such as the 2021 U.S. Capitol Attack. Simultaneously, these enable professional investigators and amateur sleuths collaboratively collect identify imagery of suspects with goal holding them accountable for their actions. Through a case study Sedition Hunters, Twitter community whose is individuals who participated in Attack, we explore what are main topics or targets community, participates how. Using topic modeling,...

Defining and measuring internationality as a function of influence diffusion scientific journals is an open problem. There exists no metric to rank based on the extent or scale internationality. Measuring qualitative, vague, interpretation limited by vested interests. With tremendous increase in number various fields unflinching desire academics across globe publish "international" journals, it has become absolute necessity evaluate, categorize Authors, current work have defined measure that...

Mis- and disinformation can spread rapidly on video-sharing platforms (VSPs). Despite the growing use of VSPs, there has not been a proportional increase in our ability to understand this medium messages conveyed through it. In work, we draw prior experiences outline three core challenges faced studying VSPs high-stakes fast-paced settings: (1) navigating unique affordances (2) understanding VSP content determining its authenticity, (3) novel user behaviors for spreading misinformation. By...

My dissertation introduces the concept of expert-led crowdsourcing (ELC) to support expert investigators who increasingly face limits on their time and attention. ELC combines experts' domain knowledge experience with speed scale crowds. I study in two investigative domains: journalism law enforcement. Through four studies, show: 1) how novice crowds can effectively augment investigators' work practice; 2) ethical tensions conducting an investigation for real-world, sensitive investigations;...