Previous studies have shown that haploinsufficiency of the splanchnic and septum transversum mesoderm Forkhead Box (Fox) f1 transcriptional factor caused defects in lung gallbladder development Foxf1 heterozygous (+/-) mice exhibited defective repair response to injury. In this study, we show is expressed hepatic stellate cells developing adult liver, suggesting a subset originates from mesenchyme during mouse embryonic development. Because liver regeneration requires transient...

Objective: Case control studies in adults suggest that defective alleles the gene codes for hepatic cytochrome P450 2A6 ( CYP2A6 ) protect against nicotine dependence (ND) and higher levels of cigarette consumption. These two hypotheses were tested young adolescents. Design: Self reports tobacco use ND symptoms collected every 3–4 months a prospective study 1293 grade 7 students from convenience sample 10 schools. Subjects: 281 smokers with genetic data analysed; those who not already...

Summary In this article, a two‐stage explicit time integration method is presented for the numerical analysis of various dynamic problems described by second‐order ordinary differential equations in time. The newly proposed have negligible damping and period errors important low‐frequency range can introduce moderate into spurious high‐frequency range. computational effort per step required new same as needed existing methods. provide fourth‐order accurate solutions velocity independent...

The forkhead box f1 (Foxf1) transcription factor is expressed in the visceral (splanchnic) mesoderm, which involved mesenchymal-epithelial signaling required for development of organs derived from foregut endoderm such as lung, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. Our previous studies demonstrated that haploinsufficiency Foxf1 gene caused pulmonary abnormalities with perinatal lethality lung hemorrhage a subset Foxf1+/- newborn mice. During mouse embryonic development, liver biliary primordium...

Open burning of solid wastes, a potential nonpoint emission source, has recently become topic interests, particularly in the metropolitan area Seoul, Korea. To estimate effects irregular open on local air quality, we evaluated levels harmful substances from test combustion individual types domestic municipal waste (MSW), including paper, wood, and plastics. The factors PM10, PM2.5, PAHs, heavy metals obtained laboratory tests differed depending material. A brief survey residents government...

For the development of a new family implicit higher-order time integration algorithms, mixed formulations that include three time-dependent variables (i.e., displacement, velocity, and acceleration vectors) are developed. Equal degree Lagrange type interpolation functions in used to approximate dependent formulations, finite element method modified weighted-residual applied velocity–displacement velocity–acceleration relations formulations. Weight parameters introduced optimized achieve...

A time collocation finite element approach is employed to develop one- and two-step integration schemes with algorithmic dissipation control capability. The newly developed are combined obtain a new family of algorithms using the concept by Baig Bathe. algorithm can effectively relating parameters spectral radius in high frequency limit. provides better accuracy compared generalized-[Formula: see text] method for highly dissipative cases includes Bathe within its as special case.

Ultrashort pulse lasers are emerging as an advanced tool of distance measurement, with their unique temporal and spectral characteristics being extended to diverse principles absolute ranging instrumentation. Here, a systematic methodology is presented for by means the time-of-flight measurement ultrashort light pulses using dual-comb asynchronous optical sampling. Based on elaborate uncertainty analysis, influencing system parameters such duration, repetition rate, averaging time optimized...

For the development of a new family higher-order time integration algorithms for structural dynamics problems, displacement vector is approximated over typical interval using pth-degree Hermite interpolation functions in time. The residual defined by substituting into equation dynamics. modified weighted-residual method applied to vector. weight parameters are used restate integral forms statements algebraic forms, and then, these optimized single-degree-of-freedom problem its exact solution...

In this article, third- and fourth-order accurate explicit time integration methods are developed for effective analyses of various linear nonlinear dynamic problems stated by second-order ordinary differential equations in time. Two sets the new employing collocation approach domain. To remedy some shortcomings using Runge-Kutta time, designed to introduce small period damping errors important low-frequency range. For cases, explicitness is not affected presence non-diagonal matrix. can...

The objectives of this study were to prepare a high-purity hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) solution and evaluate the performance various types metal oxide/honeycomb catalysts during catalytic decomposition HAN solution. Hydroxylammonium was prepared via neutralization reaction hydroxylamine nitric acid. FT-IR used analyze chemical composition, structure, functional groups HAN. aqueous obtained from pH 7.06 showed highest concentration 60% density 1.39 g/mL. that could be when solvent...

This study fabricated a low-cost activated carbon (AC) adsorbent from readily available bamboo trees to control indoor CO2 levels and reduce energy costs associated with sustaining clean air. Bamboo is naturally high in potassium content has narrow fibrous channels that could enhance selective adsorption. The prepared bamboo-based (BAC) exhibits predominantly micropores an average pore size of 0.17 nm specific surface area 984 m2/g. Upon amination, amine functionalities, such as pyridine,...

Summary In this article, a new single‐step explicit time integration method is developed based on the Newmark approximations for analysis of various dynamic problems. The newly proposed second‐order accurate and able to control numerical dissipation through parameters approximations. Explicitness order accuracy are not affected in velocity‐dependent Illustrative linear nonlinear examples used verify performances method.

Two families of higher-order accurate time integration algorithms are numerically tested by using various nonlinear problems structural dynamics, and the numerical results obtained from them compared. To be specific, Kim Reddy Fung used for this study. In linear analyses, these two different do not present noticeable differences. However, performances quite when they applied to dynamic problems. For tests, well-known selected past studies. completeness, briefly reviewed, their advantageous...

In this paper, a number of recently proposed implicit and explicit composite time integration schemes are reviewed critically evaluated. To give suitable guidelines using them in practical transient analyses structural problems, numerical performances these compared through illustrative examples. Meaningful insights into computational aspects the also provided. discussion, role splitting ratio recent is investigated different point view, similarities differences various studied. It shown...

Controlled reduction of Cu²⁺ to Cu⁺/Cu⁰ can be achieved by judicious ligand design in optically responsive metal–organic polyhedra systems.