We use data on police-involved deaths to estimate how the risk of being killed by police force in United States varies across social groups. lifetime and age-specific risks race sex. also provide estimates proportion all accounted for force. find that African American men women, Indian/Alaska Native Latino face higher than do their white peers. Latina women Asian/Pacific Islander lower Risk is highest black men, who (at current levels risk) about a 1 1,000 chance over life course. The...

To estimate the risk of mortality from police homicide by race/ethnicity and place in United States.We used novel data on police-involved fatalities Bayesian models to for Black, Latino, White men all US counties Census division metropolitan area type.Police kill, average, 2.8 per day. Police were responsible about 8% homicides with adult male victims between 2012 2018. Black men's is 1.9 2.4 deaths 100 000 year, Latino 0.8 1.2, 0.6 0.7.Police higher than suggested official data. are at...

We use novel data on police-involved deaths to estimate how the risk of being killed by police use-of-force in United States varies across social groups. lifetime and age-specific risks race sex. also provide estimates proportion all accounted for use-of-force. find that African American men women, Indian / Alaska Native Latino face higher than do their white peers. women Asian Pacific Islander lower Risk is highest Black men, who (at current levels risk) about a 1 1,000 chance over life...

Physical attractiveness is an important axis of social stratification associated with educational attainment, marital patterns, earnings, and more. Still, relative to ethnoracial gender stratification, physical relatively understudied. In particular, little known about whether returns vary by race or significantly combined. this study, we use nationally representative data examine (1) socially perceived unequally distributed across race/ethnicity subgroups (2) subgroups. Notably, the...

Quantitative studies of racial health disparities often use static measures self-reported race and conventional regression estimators, which critics argue is inconsistent with social-constructivist theories race, racialization, racism. We demonstrate an alternative counterfactual approach to explain how multiple racialized systems dynamically shape over time, examining inequities in cardiometabolic risk the National Longitudinal Study Adolescent Adult Health. This framework accounts for...

We present a new national data set of historical sundown towns in the United States linked to contemporary spatial information – i.e., Historical Sundown Towns Linked US Census Geographies database. are places that once enacted legal or conventional practices meant restrict movement residency Black people and other color within their borders. Our based upon rich prior research by historians identifying where these racial restrictions on were practiced across nation. provide towns,...

Abstract While evidence suggests a durable relationship between redlining and population health, we currently lack an empirical account of how this historical act racialized violence produced contemporary inequities. In paper, use mediation framework to evaluate grades influenced later life expectancy the degree which racial disparities in Black working-class neighborhoods White professional-class can be explained by past Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) mapping. Life gaps differently...

Objectives: Socialization predicts cognitive aging outcomes. Neighborhoods may facilitate socially engaged and thus shape cognition. We investigated places where older adults socialized whether availability of these sites was associated with Methods: Qualitative analysis interviews ethnography 125 (mean age 71 years) in Minneapolis identified participants outside home. This informed quantitative a national sample 21,151 Americans at baseline 67 from the Reasons for Geographic Racial...

Objective: This study seeks to examine neighborhood characteristics, physical activity, and health status their roles in promoting healthy cognitive aging. Methods: Using data from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Difference Stroke (REGARDS) ( N=10,289, mean age=73.4 years), we used multilevel linear regression relationships between walkable neighborhoods (both objectively measured subjective perceptions), walking behavior, status, function. Results: Engaging any moderate activity...

Despite the early promise of centering structural racism in explanatory models firearm violence, there are noticeable gaps what's been produced thus far; particular, a deeper and more serious engagement with long-standing theories is needed to further enrich our understanding how inequalities produce unequal burdens firearm-related harms. Thus, building on concepts from range academic fields Black philosophical perspectives, we developed theoretical framework help explain role place-based...

Importance Residential segregation has been shown to be a root cause of racial inequities in health outcomes, yet little is known about current patterns where patients receive hospital care or whether associated with outcomes. Filling this knowledge gap critical implementing policies that improve equity care. Objective To characterize contemporary delivery, identify market-level correlates, and determine the association between Design, Setting, Participants This cross-sectional study US...

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, rapid non-invasive testing has become essential. Recent studies and benchmarks motivates use of modern artificial intelligence (AI) tools that utilize audio waveform spectral features coughing for diagnosis. In this paper, we describe system developed cough detection. We directly extracted from deep learning algorithms to develop automated diagnostic COVID-19. particular, a unique modification VGG13 architecture analysis uses log-mel spectrograms...

Accessible rapid COVID-19 testing continues to be necessary and several studies involving deep neural network (DNN) methods for detection have been published. As part of a sponsored NSF I/UCRC project, our team explored the use learning algorithms recognizing related cough audio signatures. More specifically, we worked with DNN databases reported results VGG-13 architecture. In this paper, report study on quantum networks signature classification. A hybrid (QNN) model classification is...

Policy Points A growing body of research suggests that policing, as a form state‐sanctioned racial violence, operates social determinant population health and or ethnic disparities. lack compulsory, comprehensive data on interactions with police has greatly limited our ability to calculate the true prevalence nature violence. While innovative unofficial sources have been able fill these gaps, compulsory reporting police, well considerable investments in policing health, are required further...

Environmental scientists started documenting the racial inequities of environmental exposures (e.g., proximity to waste facilities or industrial pollution) in 1970s and 1980s. Since then, research has documented nearly every studied hazard, showing that American society delivers violence toward nonwhite families. Through cultural racism, a resilient social hierarchy is set where lives some groups people are considered more valuable than others; through structural institutions unequally mete...

A rapidly growing literature has documented the adverse social, economic and, recently, health impacts of experiencing incarceration in United States. Despite insights that this work provided consistently documenting deleterious effects incarceration, little is known about specific timing criminal justice contact and early consequences during transition from adolescence to adulthood—a critical period life course, particularly for development poor health. Previous on role also been hampered...

Neighborhoods structure health and wellbeing in later life. Local spaces can encourage physically active socially engaged aging place, may also nurture opportunities for cognitively-stimulating creative complex activities such as reading; playing listening to music; learning; engagement galleries, performing arts, museums. These are associated with better cognitive outcomes. In this exploratory sequential mixed-methods study, thematic analysis of interviews ethnographic fieldwork 125 diverse...

Abstract Background This study examined the association between cognitive function and three neighborhood ‘disamenities’ that may pose local barriers to utilizing community resources increase risk for decline. Method Using national data from 21,165 urban- suburban-dwelling Black white adults (mean age: 67 years) in Reasons Geographic Racial Differences Stroke (REGARDS) Study, we assessed global through a factor score of five screening tests. General Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) tested...

Popular media and researchers have given increasing attention to the perceived growing alienation despair of white Americans. The narrative decline has been particularly robust in light recent uptick premature deaths whites from opioid use, but this national conversation lacked consideration potential associations between mortality among durable legacies advantage that were established through historical racial violence. We provide an initial analysis how contemporary patterns counties...

Abstract Objectives Residential segregation is one of the fundamental features health disparities in United States. Yet little research has examined how living segregated metropolitan areas related to cognitive function and decline with age. We association between at statistical area (MSA) level trajectories age-related function. Method Using data from Black White older adults REasons for Geographic Racial Differences Stroke study (n = 18,913), we employed linear growth curve models examine...