We have isolated 5 cDNA clones (din2, din6, din9, din10 and din11) corresponding to genes, the transcripts of which accumulated in leaves Arabidopsis thaliana kept dark. These encode proteins similar beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21, din2), asparagine synthetase 6.3.5.4, din6), phosphomannose isomerase 5.3.1.8, din9), seed imbibition protein (din10) 2-oxoacid-dependent dioxygenases (din11). Accumulation from din6 occurred within 3 h after plants were transferred darkness. The din2, din9 din11...

Abstract Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Atg6/Vps30 is required for autophagy and the sorting of vacuolar hydrolases, such as carboxypeptidase Y. In higher eukaryotes, however, roles ATG6/VPS30 homologs in vesicle have remained obscure. Here, we show that AtATG6, an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homolog yeast ATG6/VPS30, restored both Y a atg6/vps30 mutant. cells, green fluorescent protein-AtAtg6 protein localized to punctate structures colocalized with AtAtg8, marker preautophagosomal...

Phosphatidylserine (PS) has many important biological roles, but little is known about its role in plants, partly because of low abundance. We show here that PS enriched Arabidopsis floral tissues and genetic disruption biosynthesis decreased heterozygote fertility due to inhibition pollen maturation. At1g15110, designated PSS1, encodes a base-exchange-type synthase. Escherichia coli cells expressing PSS1 accumulated the presence l-serine at 23°C. Promoter-GUS assays showed expression...

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 is a major CYP responsible for the metabolism of nicotine and coumarin in humans. We identified novel allele, designated CYP2A6*17, which contains A51G (exon 1), C209T (intron G1779A 3), C4489T 6), G5065A (V365M, exon 7), G5163A C5717T 8), A5825G 8). developed genotyping method by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism CYP2A6*17 targeting mutation. The allele frequency black subjects (n = 96) was 9.4% (95% confidence interval [CI],...

Abstract We have identified many dark-inducible (din) genes that are expressed in Arabidopsis leaves kept the dark. In present study we addressed question of how plant cells sense depletion sugars, and sugar starvation triggersdin gene expression suspension-cultured Arabidopsis. Depletion sucrose medium triggered marked accumulation din transcripts. Suppression ofdin by 2-deoxy-Glc, a non-suppressive effect exerted 3-O-methyl-Glc, suggested sugar-repressible is mediated through...

Using 18-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grown under increased (780 p.p.m., experimental plants) or ambient (390 control CO2 conditions, we evaluated 14CO2 photoassimilation in and translocation from representative source leaves. The total amounts the third leaves of plants comparison with that found for plants, but rates were comparable first two groups. In contrast, labeled assimilates doubled group, whereas was, at best, passively enhanced even though their transcript levels...

Branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) has been known in mammals to be a key enzyme of the catabolic pathway branched-chain amino acids. We have isolated two cDNA clones encoding E1beta and E2 subunits BCKDH, respectively, from Arabidopsis thaliana. Proteins encoded these sequences had putative mitochondrial targeting conserved domains reported for their mammalian counterparts. Northern blot immunoblot analyses showed that transcripts respective genes protein markedly...

Tree shrews have high phylogenetic affinity to humans and are used in various fields of biomedical research, especially hepatitis virus infection; however, cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) not been investigated this species.In study, tree shrew CYP2B6 pig CYP2B6b were newly identified had amino acid sequences highly identical (80% 78%, respectively) human CYP2B6, containing sequence motifs characteristic P450s.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that novel was more closely related known than dog,...

Branched‐chain α‐keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), a multienzyme complex, plays key role in branched‐chain amino catabolism. However, it remains unclear whether expression of each subunit is coordinately regulated plants, which should be important for the efficient assembly subunits into functional complex. We show that transcripts from Arabidopsis E1α gene accumulated dark‐adapted leaves and sugar‐starved suspension cells. These results are complementary to our previous report E1β E2 genes...

Induction after prolonged darkness distinguishes the late-responsive genes din2 and din9 from early-responsive gene din3 in Arabidopsis. The former were coincidently induced with senescence marker YLS4 rosette leaves of different ages early-senescence mutant hys1. calmodulin antagonists W-7, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine accelerated expression but not light, had little effect on latter gene. Our results suggest that Ca(2+)/calmodulin signalling conveys a negative signal suppresses responses...

Sn-W-Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag vein deposits in Japan, belonging to xenothermal class, occur or close proximity regions of rhyolitic (and andesitic) rocks intruded by granitic rocks. The are products the same igneous activities as intrusives. geologic age is late Cretaceous early Tertiary. Akenobe, Ikuno, and Tada mines western Japan Ashio mine eastern belong class.The fissures containing materials strike-slip faults tension cracks formed lateral pressure which caused folded structures each region. They...

Phosphatidylethanolamine is the predominant phospholipid of mitochondrial inner membrane. In Arabidopsis, pect1-4 mutants exhibit reduced cellular phosphatidylethanolamine levels owing to CTP:phosphorylethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (PECT; EC 2.7.7.14) activity. Consequently, may have decreased levels, thereby affecting respiration capacity. Wild-type and plants grew similarly under a short-day condition until 5 weeks, when leaves had slightly less Chl. Total was comparable between...

Sugar starvation exerted by sub-10 mM levels of sucrose on Arabidopsis T87 suspension-cultured cells triggered marked accumulation the transcripts genes for E1β and E2 subunit branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. Similar sugar increased luciferase activity in transgenic tobacco BY-2 lines expressing E1β- or E2-promoter-luciferase fusion gene. These results indicate that tightly regulate promoter heterologous plant system. We further showed sugar-starvation-induced activation...

Potassium titanium bronze K 1.0 Ti 8 O 16 and its chemically oxidized «exuviae» oxide 0.0 crystallize in a tetragonal system, I4/m, with the hollandite-type one-dimensional tunnel structure. For , M r =678.13, a=10.1776 (5), c=2.9614 (2) A, V=306.75 (3) A 3 Z=1, D x =3.67 Mg m -3 λ(Mo Kα)=0.71069 μ=5.55 mm -1 F(000)=323, T=298 K, R=0.048 for 947 unique observations

A study has been made of the magnetic properties cubanite (CuFe2S3). It was found that saturation magnetization orthorhombic at room temperature 0.87emu/gram. An irreversible change revealed in a thermomagnetic curve about 270°C identified as polymorphic transition from an to cubic structure by X-ray analyses, chemical analysis and microscopic observation. is further suggested result on differential thermal order-disorder type, which results marked decrease this temperature.

Chip monolithic directional couplers and baluns have been gaining popularity due to the increasing demand of wireless telecommunication equipment. These multilayer components are meeting demands by allowing for smaller board space requirement, ease surface mount assembly their relative low cost. Spiral Broadside Coupled Striplines (SBCS) using Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) presented as a novel technique fabricating ultra-miniature chip baluns. SBCS structure contributes...