A5075902955- Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Plant and soil sciences
- FOXO transcription factor regulation
- Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Agriculture and Rural Development Research
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Clusterin in disease pathology
- Intestinal Malrotation and Obstruction Disorders
- Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Paraoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms
- Radioactive element chemistry and processing
- Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- ICT in Developing Communities
- Heat shock proteins research
- Signaling Pathways in Disease
University of California, Berkeley
2016-2023
National Institute on Aging
2023
The White House
2022
King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
2020
Berkeley College
2019
Cornell University
2017
Wesleyan University
2014
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
2014
Purdue University West Lafayette
2014
University of Guelph
1991
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that play a key role in metabolic adaptations during stress, such as fasting and starvation, order to maintain plasma glucose levels. Excess chronic glucocorticoid exposure, however, causes syndrome including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia. Studies animal models of disorders frequently demonstrate suppressing signaling improves sensitivity profiles. convey their signals through an intracellular receptor (GR), which is transcriptional...
Replication of the 30-kilobase genome SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, is a key step in coronavirus life cycle that requires set virally encoded nonstructural proteins such as highly conserved Nsp13 helicase. However, features contribute to catalytic properties are not well established. Here, we biochemically characterized purified recombinant SARS-CoV-2 helicase protein, focusing on its functions, nucleic acid substrate specificity, nucleotide/metal cofactor requirements, and...
Chronic glucocorticoid exposure is associated with the development of insulin resistance. We showed that glucocorticoid-induced resistance was attenuated upon ablation
Abstract The classical dogma of glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance is that it caused by the transcriptional activation hepatic gluconeogenic and genes glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Here, we find glucocorticoids also stimulate expression insulin-sensitizing genes, such as Irs2 . coregulator EHMT2 can serve a coactivator or corepressor. Using male mice have defective coactivation function specifically, show transcription dependent on liver EHMT2’s IRS2 play key role in mediating...
Glucocorticoids promote lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) to adapt energy demands under stress, whereas superfluous causes metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Glucocorticoid-induced requires the phosphorylation of cytosolic hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) perilipin 1 (Plin1) lipid droplet by protein kinase A (PKA). We previously identified Pik3r1 (also called p85α) as a glucocorticoid receptor target gene. Here, we found that glucocorticoids increased HSL...
Chronic or excess glucocorticoid exposure causes lipid disorders such as hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis. Angptl4 (angiopoietin-like 4), a primary target gene of the receptor in hepatocytes adipocytes, is required for steatosis induced by synthetic dexamethasone. has also been shown to be dexamethasone-induced ceramide production. Here, we further examined role ceramide-mediated signaling dyslipidemia caused chronic exposure. Using stable isotope-labeling technique, found that...
Glucocorticoids and FoxO3 exert similar metabolic effects in skeletal muscle. gene expression was increased by dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid, both vitro vivo. In C2C12 myotubes the is due to, at least part, elevated rate of transcription. mouse gene, we identified three glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding regions (GBRs): one being upstream transcription start site, −17kbGBR; two introns, +45kbGBR +71kbGBR. Together, these GBRs contain four 15-bp response elements (GREs)....
The glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 2 (G6PC2) gene encodes an islet-specific subunit. G6PC2 forms a substrate cycle with glucokinase that determines the glucose sensitivity of insulin secretion. Consequently, deletion G6pc2 lowers fasting blood (FBG) without affecting plasma insulin. Although chronic elevation FBG is detrimental to health, glucocorticoids induce expression, suggesting evolved transiently modulate under conditions glucocorticoid-related stress. We show, using...
Chronic glucocorticoid exposure causes insulin resistance and muscle atrophy in skeletal muscle. We previously identified phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (Pik3r1) as a primary target gene of receptors involved the glucocorticoid-mediated suppression action. However, vivo functions Pik3r1 remain unclear. Here, we generated striated muscle-specific knockout (MKO) mice treated them with dexamethasone (DEX), synthetic glucocorticoid. Treating wildtype (WT) DEX attenuated activated...
To determine in vitro output temperature differences of 3 IV fluid warmers. Prospective, randomized study. Warming capabilities a distance-dependent blood and warmer marketed for human veterinary use (product A) veterinary-specific B) were compared at 0, 4, 8, 12 cm from the device to test vein flow rates 20, 60, 100, 140, 180, 220, 260, 300 mL/h with room (approx 22°C) fluids (phase 1). The superior warming was against distance-independent C) same 2). effect prewarmed (38°C) versus...
Retinoic acid (RA) counters insulin's metabolic actions. Insulin reduces liver RA biosynthesis by exporting FoxO1 from nuclei. induces its catabolism, catalyzed CYP26A1. A CYP26A1 contribution to homeostasis with changes in energy status had not been investigated. We found that glucagon, cortisol, and dexamethasone decrease RA-induced
It is well established that experiences of racial discrimination pose a significant health risk to ethnic minority youth. In this article, we introduce new concept, uplifts, capture largely neglected countertheme in the scientific literature-the nature and processes underlying salubrious race-related experiences. We report on data from mixed-method study everyday uplifts lives Asian American Study 1a (n = 20; age range 17-23 years) 1b 14; 18-22 examined collected through semistructured focus...
It is well established that chronic glucocorticoid exposure causes hyperglycemia. While receptor (GR) stimulates hepatic gluconeogenic gene transcription, additional mechanisms are activated by to enhance gluconeogenesis. We found treatment sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)–mediated signaling. Hepatic knockdown of S1P 1 (S1PR1) had no effect on glucocorticoid-induced glucose intolerance but elevated fasting plasma insulin levels. In contrast, S1PR3 exacerbated without affecting Finally, S1PR2...
Abstract Islet transplantation can cure type 1 diabetes, but peri-transplant beta cell death limits this procedure to those with low insulin requirements. Improving human survival or proliferation may make islet a possibility for more patients. To identify novel regulators of and proliferation, we conducted pooled small hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen in primary cells transplanted into immunocompromised mice. shRNAs targeting several cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors were enriched after...
A naturalistic approach was used for the evaluation of a small-scale agricultural project in village Mali, West Africa. The illuminative strategy tested its ability to take into account those human aspects so often left out development projects. Villager perceptions form basis evaluation. consisted (a) period observation, (b) discussion-interviews with informants according age and gender (the comments from each group were compiled by themes verbal images), (c) summarization presentation...
Background. Bilious vomiting in the newborn is common and requires urgent attention to exclude malrotation. The proportion of neonates with surgical abnormalities, however, small, there are other causes. Study Objectives. We reviewed our experience infants bilious demonstrate importance input from tertiary medical team arrive at correct diagnosis. Design. Admissions vomiting/aspirates term born over a three-year period unit were reviewed. Results. During study period, 48 admitted vomiting....
<p>It is well-established that chronic glucocorticoid exposure causes hyperglycemia. While receptor (GR) stimulates hepatic gluconeogenic gene transcription, additional mechanisms are activated by to enhance gluconeogenesis. We found treatment sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-mediated signaling. Hepatic knockdown of S1P 1 (S1PR1) had no effect on glucocorticoid-induced glucose intolerance but elevated fasting plasma insulin levels. In contrast, S1PR3 exacerbated without affecting Finally,...