A5055752879- Semiconductor materials and interfaces
- Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
- Copper Interconnects and Reliability
- Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
- Microstructure and mechanical properties
- Semiconductor materials and devices
- Electrodeposition and Electroless Coatings
- Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
- Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
- Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures
- Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
- Ionic liquids properties and applications
- solar cell performance optimization
- Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
- Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
- Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
- Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies
- Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses
- Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- ZnO doping and properties
- Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies
- Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials
- Nanowire Synthesis and Applications
- High Entropy Alloys Studies
National Institute of Standards and Technology
2005-2021
Material Measurement Laboratory
2012-2021
National Institute of Standards
2010-2021
Materials Science & Engineering
2009-2021
United States Department of Commerce
1990-2018
Background Most electronic-cigarette liquids contain propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine and a wide variety of flavors which many are sweet. Sweet classified as saccharides, esters, acids or aldehydes. This study investigates changes in cariogenic potential when tooth surfaces exposed to e-cigarette aerosols generated from well-characterized reference e-liquids with sweet flavors. Methods Reference were prepared by combining 20/80 glycol/glycerin (by volume fraction), 10 mg/mL nicotine,...
In situ stress measurements were performed during high frequency pulse electrodeposition of nanotwinned Cu thin films. Periodic changes pulse-on and pulse-off periods observed. The profile showed an abrupt increase in tensile to about 400 MPa the period a relaxation period. First-principles calculations predict that complete allows formation nanotwins separated by 28 nm or more. This is good agreement with results obtained from microstructural analysis films fabricated measurements.
Implantable sensors capable of real-time measurements are powerful tools to diagnose disease and maintain health by providing continuous or regular biometric monitoring. In this paper, we present a dental implantable temperature sensor that can send early warning signals in real time before the implant fails. Using microfabrication process on flexible polyimide film, successfully fabricated multi-channel be wrapped around abutment wing. addition, feasibility, durability, implantability were...
The objective of this study was to evaluate processing methods for frozen beef subprimals; the effects freezing and thawing rates on tenderness, sensory properties, retail display were evaluated. There 6 treatments: fresh, never 14 d wet aged (14D); 21 (21D); blast frozen–fast thawed (BF); frozen–slow (BS); conventionally (CF); (CS). All subprimals before freezing. Three subprimal cuts, rib eye roll (n = 90), strip loin top sirloin butt used with 3 replications 5 samples per treatment week...
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is applied to in-situ stress measurements of a gold cantilever electrode in 0.1 mol/L HClO4 as new technique for studying phenomena thin films. The resonant frequency the found be inversely proportional square its length predicted by theory. In double layer region, linear response both electrochemically and mechanically achieved input signal amplitudes up 80 mV. For frequencies below (∼20 Hz), surface charge are out phase amplitude f0 varies linearly...
Bottom-up feature fill, also called "superfill," of gold is demonstrated for the first time. Gold superfill achieved in trenches as narrow 60 nm, particularly relevant interconnects on GaAs and GaN technologies. This was accomplished through use submonolayer coverage a preadsorbed, deposition-rate accelerating surfactant followed by Au electrodeposition. The experimental results indicate potential this technologically process support generality CEAC mechanism surface stabilization. © 2005...
An extreme bottom-up filling variant of superconformal Au electrodeposition yielding void-free recessed features is demonstrated with diffraction gratings composed a two-dimensional patterned "chessboard" array square vias aspect ratio (depth/width) ≈ 23 as well one-dimensional arrays trenches having ratios exceeding 50 and 65. Deposition on planar substrates examined in several near-neutral x moll−1 Na3Au(SO3)2 + 0.64 Na2SO3 electrolytes (x = [0.08, 0.16, 0.32]) containing ≈50 μmoll−1 Bi3+...
The buildup of stress with increasing thickness magnetic thin films is a common phenomenon that often induces undesirable anisotropies can convert an otherwise magnetically soft film into hard one. We found by interlayering such are either not lattice matched or have different crystal structure, reductions in the saturation field as large 400-fold be achieved. Differences grain size appear to responsible.
We investigate the stress evolution in situ during potentiostatic electrodeposition of metastable, nanostructured Au–Ni alloy films and develop a correlation between composition, deposition rate, growth mode, observed state. find that internal stresses can be explained, at least for Ni-rich films, assuming three-dimensional Volmer–Weber where is initially compressive, then transitions to tension, finally remains tensile over longer times. The trends maximum compressive stress,...
High-throughput experiments that use combinatorial samples with rapid measurements can be used to provide process-structure-property information at reduced time, cost, and effort. Developing these tools methods is essential in additive manufacturing where new required on a frequent basis as advances are made feedstock materials, machines, post-processing. Here we demonstrate the design of produced commercial laser powder bed fusion system study 60 distinct process conditions nickel...
Cadmium telluride is a commercially viable material for thin-film photovoltaic cells and amenable to low cost electrochemical deposition. The majority-carrier type can be controlled by deposition conditions. We have produced back-contact solar self-aligned process onto two interdigitated electrodes. report preliminary performance as function of electrode geometry. structure are readily optimization should facilitate quantitative measurement modeling any candidate that electrodeposited.
In situ stress measurements were made during Al underpotential deposition (upd) onto (111)-textured Au from Lewis acidic aluminum chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride , using the wafer curvature method. The surface response consists of three distinct features. potential range moves in tensile (positive) direction a value arbitrarily chosen as zero. This likely involves desorption and is consistent with adsorbate-induced models that appear literature. At start upd, compressive...
Fabrication and properties of three-dimensionally structured back-contact heterojunction solar cells are described. A variety devices explored, all which were fabricated by electrochemical deposition a semiconducting material on one two interdigitated electrodes in comb structure followed second over the entire surface, including both bare coated comb. The performance is described interpreted using simplified model device geometry, light absorption carrier transport. results demonstrate that...
In situ stress measurements were made during copper electrodeposition onto (111)-textured Au from acidic sulfate electrolyte using the wafer curvature method. During bulk deposition of Cu, there is a rapid increase in tensile first 20 nm growth that we attribute to nuclei coalescence and grain boundary formation. The magnitude as well film thickness at which maximum occurs are both dependent upon electrode potential due its influence on nucleation density. As deposit thickens, average...