The emerging wireless energy transfer technology enables charging sensor batteries in a network (WSN) and maintaining perpetual operation of the network. Recent breakthrough this area has opened up new dimension to design protocols. In meanwhile, mobile data gathering been considered as an efficient alternative relaying WSNs. However, time variation recharging rates rechargeable networks imposes great challenge obtaining optimal strategy. paper, we propose framework joint replenishment...

The application of wireless charging technology in traditional battery-powered sensor networks (WSNs) grows rapidly recently. Although previous studies indicate that the can deliver energy reliably, it still faces regulatory mandate to provide high power density without incurring health risks. In particular, clustered WSNs there exists a mismatch between demands from cluster heads and relatively low supplies chargers. Fortunately, solar harvesting However, its reliability is subject weather...

Several recent works have studied mobile vehicle scheduling to recharge sensor nodes via wireless energy transfer technologies. Unfortunately, most of them overlooked important factors the vehicles' moving consumption and limited recharging capacity, which may lead problematic schedules or even stranded vehicles. In this paper, we consider problem under such constraints. To balance latency, employ one dedicated data gathering multiple charging We first organize sensors into clusters for easy...

Using vehicles equipped with wireless energy transmission technology to recharge sensor nodes over the air is a game-changer for traditional networks. The recharging policy regarding when which critically impacts network performance. So far only few works have studied such case of using single vehicle. In this paper, we propose NETWRAP, an NDN based Real Time Wireless Recharging Protocol dynamic in real-time framework supports or multiple mobile vehicles. Employing provides more scalability...

Energy harvesting from natural environment gives range of benefits for the Internet things. Scavenging energy photovoltaic (PV) cells is one most practical solutions in terms power density among existing sources. PV systems mandate maximum point tracking (MPPT) to scavenge possible solar energy. In general, a switching-mode converter, an MPPT charger, controls charging current storage element (a battery or equivalent), and provides load device. The mismatch between (MPP) managed by element....

Mobile vehicles equipped with wireless energy transmission technology can recharge sensor nodes over the air. When to which nodes, and in what order, critically impact network performance. So far only a few works have studied recharging policy for single mobile vehicle. In this paper, we study how coordinate activities of multiple vehicles, provide more scalability robustness than We leverage concepts mechanisms from NDN (Named Data Networking) design monitoring protocols that deliver status...

Recently, there have been a growing number of applications that power wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by charging technology. Although previous studies indicate can deliver energy reliably, it still faces regulatory challenges to provide high density without incurring health risks. In particular, in clustered WSNs exists mismatch between the demands from cluster heads and relatively low supplies provide. Fortunately, solar harvesting which is also risk-free. However, subject weather...

Several recent works have studied the schedule for mobile vehicles to recharge sensor nodes via wireless energy transfer technologies. Unfortunately, most of them overlooked important factors vehicles' moving consumption and limited recharging capacity. These oversights may lead problematic schedules or even stranded vehicles. In this paper, we study that maximizes profit - amount replenished less cost vehicle movements under these constraints. We first derive minimum number needed neutral...

Recent advances in environmental energy harvesting technologies have provided great potentials for traditional battery powered sensor networks to achieve perpetual operations. Due dynamics from the temporal profiles of ambient sources, most studies so far focused on designing and optimizing management schemes single node, but overlooked impact spatial variations distribution when sensors work together at different locations. To design a robust network, this paper, we use mobility circumvent...

Energy supply remains to be a major bottleneck in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). A self-sustainable network operates without battery replacement. Recent efforts employ multi-source energy harvesting power sensors with ambient energy. Meanwhile, wireless charging is considered WSNs as reliable source. It motivates us integrate both fields of research build and guarantee operation under any weather condition. We propose three-step solution optimize this new framework. first solve the...

Energy remains a major hurdle in running computation-intensive tasks on wireless sensors. Recent efforts have been made to employ Mobile Charger (MC) deliver power sensors, which provides promising solution the energy problem. Most of previous works this area aim at maintaining perpetual network operation expense high operating cost MC. In meanwhile, it is observed that due low they are usually deployed density so there abundant redundancy their coverage network. For such networks, possible...

Recent studies have shown that environmental energy harvesting technologies the potential to provide perpetual operation wireless sensor networks. However, due large variations of ambient source, such networks could only support low-rate data services and performance is affected by many unpredictable factors. To deliver nodes reliably, in this paper, we apply novel power transmission technology rechargeable introducing a mobile actuator replenish wirelessly. We first establish an analytical...

Wireless charging has provided a convenient alternative to renew sensors' energy in wireless sensor networks. Due physical limitations, previous works have only considered recharging single node at time, which limited efficiency and scalability. Recent advance on multi-hop is gaining momentum provide fundamental support address this problem. However, existing single-node designs do not consider cannot take advantage of such opportunities. In paper, we propose new framework enable using...

Wireless charging has provided a convenient alternative to renew nodes' energy in wireless sensor networks. Due physical limitations, previous works have only considered recharging single node at time, which limited efficiency and scalability. Recent advances on multi-hop is gaining momentum provides fundamental support address this problem. However, existing single-node designs do not consider cannot take advantage of such opportunities. In paper, we propose new framework enable using...

Energy remains a major hurdle in running computation-intensive tasks on wireless sensors. Recent efforts have been made to employ Mobile Charger (MC) deliver power sensors, which provides promising solution the energy problem. Most of previous works this area aim at maintaining perpetual network operation expense high operating cost MC. In meanwhile, it is observed that due low they are usually deployed density so there abundant redundancy their coverage network. For such networks, possible...

A mobile vehicle equipped with wireless energy transmission technology can move around a sensor network and recharge nodes over the air, leading to potentially perpetual operation if always be recharged before depletion. When which nodes, in what order, critically impact outcome. So far only few works have studied this problem relatively static recharging policies were proposed. However, dynamic changes such as unpredictable consumption variations practical issues like scalable efficient...

Subtle integration of rotatable polar components into dielectric crystals can contribute significantly to adjustable switching temperatures (Ts) and relaxation behaviors. Currently, one the biggest challenges lies in design optimal with moderate motion resistance a crystalline system. In this work, we demonstrate that under refrigerator conditions, hydrogen-bonded one-dimensional (1D) cationic chains, {[C2H6N5]+}n (C2H6N5 = 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazolinium), two-dimensional (2D) anionic...

Energy provisioning plays a key role in the sustainable operations of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Recent efforts deploy multi-source energy harvesting sensors to utilize ambient energy. Meanwhile, wireless charging is reliable source not affected by spatial-temporal dynamics. This article integrates multiple strategies and adaptive adjustment accomplish self-sustainability under complex weather conditions. We design optimize three-tier framework with first two tiers focusing on planning...

Recent studies show that the novel wireless charging technology can extend lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) towards perpetual operations. Recharging Vehicles (RVs) be applied in WSNs to recharge sensors conveniently via devices. Most existing work focused only on energy replenishment whereas ignored sensor activity management. In this paper, we propose a new framework jointly schedule and recharging save traveling RVs. First, two schemes manage activity: balanced clustering...

The synergistic effects between ultrathin 2D nanosheets and lanthanide-doped UCNPs result in reversible molecular-switching triggered by altering NIR thermal stimuli.

This paper presents a compact planar rectenna with high conversion efficiency in the ISM band. The proposed is developed by decomposing of topology into two functional parts and then recombining new to make size reduction. operation mechanism antenna rectifying circuit novel explained design methodology presented detail. not only reduces cycle time but also leads easy realization at required frequency ranges very low cost. For validation, 2.45 GHz system designed measured show their...

In energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs), the energy acquisition is usually insufficient, time varying, and unbalanced. To maintain nodes working permanently, duty cycle of should be dynamic heterogeneous. However, conventional opportunistic packet-forwarding schemes (OPEH) in EH-WSNs do not consider this characteristic when building relay set selecting forwarding paths. Thus, these may have a limited performance. article, we impact heterogeneous propose novel OPEH for...