The tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) exhibits pronounced seasonality. boreal summer ISO is more complex than its winter counterpart due to the coexistence of equatorial eastward, off-equatorial westward, and northward propagating, low-frequency modes their interactions. Based on observational evidence results obtained from numerical experiments, a mechanism proposed for in which Northern Hemisphere monsoon (NHSM) circulation moist static energy distribution play essential roles. With...

The mechanism by which a vertically sheared zonal flow affects large-scale, low-frequency equatorial waves is investigated with two-level equatorial,β-plane and spherical coordinates models. Vertical shears couple barolinic barotropic components of wave motion, affecting significantly the Rossby westward propagating Yanai but not Kelvin wave. This difference results from fact that component modified mode can be resonantly excited only internal waves. emanate poleward into extratropics...

Abstract Over the warm pool of equatorial Indian and western Pacific Oceans, both climatological mean state processes atmosphere–ocean interaction differ fundamentally from their counterparts over cold tongue eastern Pacific. A model suitable for studying coupled instability in regimes is advanced. The emphasizes ocean mixed layer physics thermodynamical coupling that are essential regime. Different unstable modes found under each In contrast to basic state, which favors low-frequency SST...

Observations from two new spaceborne microwave instruments in 1999 clearly reveal the atmospheric manifestation of tropical instability waves north Pacific equatorial cold tongue. A unique zonal‐temporal band‐pass filter enables isolation propagating signals and determination their phase differences. The differences between propagation wind sea surface temperature (SST) observed space vertical profiles measured a research ship are consistent with hypothesis that coupling SST is caused by...

The stability of equatorial Rossby waves in the presence mean flow vertical shear and moisture convergence-induced heating is investigated with a primitive equation model on an β plane. A alone can destabilize by feeding available potential energy to waves. This transfer necessitates unstable waves’ constant phase lines tilt both horizontally (eastward latitude) vertically (against shear). preferred most wavelength increases increasing decreasing intensity, ranging typically from 3000 5000...

Abstract Many years of high-resolution measurements by a number space-based sensors and from Lagrangian drifters became available recently are used to examine the persistent atmospheric imprints semipermanent meanders Agulhas Extension Current (AEC), where strong surface current temperature gradients found. The sea (SST) measured Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) chlorophyll concentration Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) support...

Probability distribution and power density of wind speed over global oceans are computed from eight years QuikSCAT measurements. They describe the variation higher moments that critical in relating non‐linear effects on electric generation capability, shipping hazard, air‐sea exchanges heat, water, greenhouse gases. The confirms our general knowledge atmospheric circulation related to mid‐latitude storm tracks, trade winds, monsoons. It also reveals regions high associated with flow...

The seasonal changes of monsoons in the South China Sea and Arabian are compared, using observations by spaceborne microwave scatterometers radiometers. oceanic responses to forcing wind stress latent heat flux resulting from monsoon identified through surface temperature tendency sea level changes.

The high‐resolution wind vectors observed by the space‐based scatterometer QuikSCAT, from 1999 to 2002, show that double intertropical convergence zones (ITCZ) exist in Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans for most of annual cycle, are far more extensive than previously recognized. For time, southern ITCZ is weaker northern one. stronger occurs when northerly trade winds meet southerly over warm water, resulting deep convection. cooler water caused deceleration surface as they approach cold...

We have developed and validated a statistical model to estimate the partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide at sea surface from space-based observations temperature, chlorophyll, salinity. More than quarter million in situ measurements coincident with satellite data were compiled. A portion was randomly selected train validate model. produced made accessible nine years (2002-2011) 0.5° daily resolutions over global oceans. The outputs are found be sensitive variability intraseasonal...

The mass change of South America (SA) continent measured by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) imposes a constraint on uncertainties in estimating annual variation rainfall Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM) ocean moisture influx derived from QuikSCAT data. approximate balance rate with less climatological river discharge, agreement conservation principle, bolsters not only credibility spacebased measurements, but supports characterization ocean's influence continental...

Most characterizations of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) have focused on its convection and circulation features, ocean interactions, weather climate impacts. The water cycle MJO has yet to be examined or quantified despite it offering an additional constraint model representations MJO, which are still woefully poor. Recent satellite products now make possible characterize from observations. These include vapor profiles, column vapor, cloud ice total liquid, rainfall, surface...

For 6 months between April and October 2003, two identical scatterometers flew in tandem. Their observations demonstrate the need for more than one scatterometer polar orbit to include sufficient temporal variability reduce aliasing of ocean surface wind‐stress measurements required applications such as estimating electricity generation potential ocean–atmosphere gas exchange. The energy deficiency over a 12‐h period, evident data from scatterometer, is eliminated with additional...

Abstract Satellite observations between 2007 and 2015 are used to characterize the annual occurrence of premonsoon drought (PMD), which causes human death economic hardship in India, postulate its scientific causes. The PMD is identified as driest hottest weeks central India just before summer monsoon onset. onset marked by a sharp increase precipitation soil moisture decrease air temperature. difference integrated transported from Arabian Sea out Bay Bengal largely deposited rain over land...

Ocean surface wind (U) is air in motion and stress (τ) the turbulent transport of momentum between ocean atmosphere. While strong a tropical cyclone (TC) causes destruction at landfall, it that drags down TC. There was almost no measurement except dedicated field campaigns we used entirely derived from through drag coefficient (C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> ), as defined by C = τ /(ρ U <sup...