Growing evidence supports a critical role of metal-ligand coordination in many attributes biological materials including adhesion, self-assembly, toughness, and hardness without mineralization [Rubin DJ, Miserez A, Waite JH (2010) Advances Insect Physiology: Integument Color , eds Jérôme C, Stephen JS (Academic Press, London), pp 75–133]. Coordination between Fe catechol ligands has recently been correlated to the high extensibility cuticle mussel byssal threads proposed endow self-healing...

Self-healing hydrogels can be made using either reversible covalent cross-links or coordination chemistry bonds. Here we present a multi-pH-responsive system inspired by the of blue mussel adhesive proteins. By attaching DOPA to an amine-functionalized polymer, multiresponsive is formed upon reaction with iron. The degree polymer cross-linking pH controlled through pH-dependent DOPA/iron chemistry. This leads formation rapidly self-healing high-strength when raised from acidic toward basic...

Fibre-reinforced epoxy composites are well established in regard to load-bearing applications the aerospace, automotive and wind power industries, owing their light weight high durability. These based on thermoset resins embedding glass or carbon fibres1. In lieu of viable recycling strategies, end-of-use composite-based structures such as turbine blades commonly landfilled1-4. Because negative environmental impact plastic waste5,6, need for circular economies plastics has become more...

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) can be used as contrast-enhancing agents to visualize tumors by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here we describe an easy synthesis method of coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and demonstrate size-dependent accumulation in murine following intravenous injection. Biocompatible iron oxide MNPs PEG were prepared replacing oleic acid a biocompatible commercially available silane-PEG provide effective for chemical coating. The colloidal stable PEGylated...

Higher animals typically rely on calcification to harden certain tissues such as bones and teeth. Some notable exceptions can be found in invertebrates: The fangs, teeth, mandibles of diverse arthropod species have been reported contain high levels zinc. Considerable quantities zinc also occur the jaws marine polychaete worm Nereis sp. High copper Glycera dibranchiata recently were attributed a copper-based biomineral reinforcing jaws. In present article, we attempt unravel role limbata...

Inspired by the mussel byssus adhesiveness, a highly hydrated polymeric structure is designed to combine, for first time, set of interesting features load‐bearing purposes. These characteristics include: i) compressive strength and stiffness in MPa range, ii) toughness ability recover it upon successive cyclic loading, iii) quickly self‐heal rupture, iv) possibility administration through minimally invasive techniques, such as injection, v) swelling ratio being adjusted space‐filling...

An inexpensive one-pot route to self-healing hydrogels with pH-tunable modulus is presented. Hydrogels were formed by reacting tannic acid, trivalent metal ions and polyallylamine. Below pH 8 the supramolecular while above, covalent cross-linking strengthened hydrogels. From concentrated mixtures, threads spun, acting as water sensitive mechanical locks.

Mussel-inspired hydrogels held together by reversible catecholato–metal coordination bonds have recently drawn great attention owing to their attractive self-healing, viscoelastic and adhesive properties with pH-responsive nature. A major challenge in these systems is orchestrate the degree of catechol oxidation that occurs under alkaline conditions air has a impact on aforementioned because it introduces irreversible covalent cross-links system, which stiffens but consume catechols needed...

Reversible sacrificial bonds play a crucial role in various biological materials where they serve as load-bearing bonds, facilitating extensibility and/or impart self-healing properties to the materials. Recently, coordination found blue mussel byssal threads have been mimicked design of hydrogels. Herein we show how mechanical moduli mussel-inspired hydrogels based on DOPA-polyallylamine (DOPA-PAA) can be straight-forwardly adjusted by systematically varying coordinating metal from AlIII,...

3D mapping of crystal and nanostructure orientation shows that bone contains a mineral fraction not aligned with the nanostructure.

Bone is a complex, biological tissue made up primarily of collagen fibrils and biomineral nanoparticles. The importance hierarchical organization in bone was realized early on, but the actual interplay between structural features properties on nanostructural crystallographic level still matter intense discussion. only mineralized that can be remodeled and, at start formation new during this process, structure called cement line formed which regular grows. Here, orientational relationship...

Nanoparticle vesicles were spontaneously assembled from homopolymer polyamine polyelectrolytes and water-soluble, citrate-stabilized quantum dots. The further addition of silica nanoparticles to a solution dot generated stable micrometer-sized hollow spheres whose walls formed thick, inner layer close-packed dots followed by an outer silica. method employed here assemble both the nanoparticle is in direct contrast previous syntheses that use either tailored block copolymers or oil-in-water...

The individual toothed sucker rings of squid tentacles (highlighted in blue) provide additional gripping power during prey capture and handling. These comprise a nanoscale network parallel tubular elements, as shown the background image. structural, mechanical, biochemical properties this wholly organic material are discussed detail.

Abstract Crystallization from amorphous phases is an emerging pathway for making advanced materials. Biology has made use of precursor eons and used them to produce structures with remarkable properties. Herein, we show how the design phase greatly influences nanocrystals formed therefrom. We investigate transformation mixed calcium phosphate/amorphous carbonate into bone‐like nanocrystalline apatite using in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction IR spectroscopy. The speciation phosphate was...

Abstract Bone has a complex hierarchical structure with structural integration from nm to cm. The understanding of bone is developing rapidly due improvements in available methodologies that allow unravelling structures across several length scales. These methods include advances electron microscopy, particular, focused ion beam scanning microscopy (FIB‐SEM), confocal laser techniques, X‐ray imaging, diffraction tomography (XRD‐CT), and tensor (small angle scattering tomgraphy, SAXS‐TT wide...

Thin films of ordered mesoporous anatase have been prepared using a dip-coating procedure. Silver nanoparticles were introduced into the mesopores wet impregnation followed by heat treatment. The cubic structured titania had higher stability than hexagonal structure and could be formed with high content nanocrystalline conservation meso-order. crystallite was monitored both X-ray diffraction electron together dark field transmission microscopy (TEM). meso-order studied low-angle TEM....

The charge density of urea is studied using very high precision single-crystal synchrotron-radiation diffraction data collected at the Swiss-Norwegian Beam Lines ESRF. An unprecedented resolution 1.44 A(-1) in sin theta;/lambda obtained 123 K. optimization experiment for charge-density studies discussed. allowed refinement a multipole model extending to hexadecapoles and quadrupoles on heavy H atoms, respectively, as well liberal treatment radial functions. topological properties resulting...

Abstract Mineralized tissues are produced by most living organisms for load and impact functions. In contrast, the jaws of clam worm, Nereis , hard without mineralization. However, they peculiarly rich in halogens, which associated with a variety post‐translationally modified amino acids, many multiply halogenated chlorine, bromine, and/or iodine. Several these namely dibromohistidine, bromoiodohistidine, chloroiodotyrosine, bromoiodotyrosine, chlorodityrosine, chlorotrityrosine,...

The yields of ynamides using Hsung′s second generation protocol depend substantially on the quality K3PO4. Samples K3PO4 from different suppliers were investigated by various techniques, revealing that use pure and anhydrous provides higher ynamide in comparison to samples contaminated with hydrates (K3PO4·1.5H2O K3PO4·7H2O). With high K3PO4, a number synthesized 52−91%. In addition, we report can undergo regioselective hydroamination carbamates.

The formation and growth of titania (anatase) nanoparticles in benzyl alcohol from TiCl4 was studied situ at 85 °C via powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), small-angle scattering (SAXS), turbidimetry. results provide new information on the kinetics this process allow for better control particle size, shape, aggregation. Rietveld refinement ex PXRD data shows that final crystals are anisotropic shape elongated along crystallographic c-axis. In SAXS show form suddenly after a lag period. initially...