In "evolve-and-resequence" (E&R) experiments, whole-genome sequence data from laboratory-evolved populations can potentially uncover mechanisms of adaptive change. E&R experiments with initially isogenic, asexually reproducing microbes have repeatedly shown that beneficial de novo mutations drive adaptation, and these are not shared among independently evolving replicate populations. Recent higher eukaryotes maintain genetic variation via sexual reproduction implicate largely different...

What are the genomic foundations of adaptation in sexual populations? We address this question using fitness-character and whole-genome sequence data from 30 Drosophila laboratory populations. These populations part a nearly 40-year radiation featuring 3 selection regimes, each shared by 10 for up to 837 generations, with moderately large effective population sizes. Each sets that regime consists 5 have long been maintained under regime, paired had only recently subjected regime. find high...

Experimental evolution affords the opportunity to investigate adaptation stressful environments. Studies combining experimental with whole-genome resequencing have provided insight into dynamics of and a new tool uncover genes associated polygenic traits. Here, we selected for starvation resistance in populations Drosophila melanogaster over 80 generations. In response, starvation-selected lines developed an obese condition, storing nearly twice level total lipids than their unselected...

Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of longevity attempt to identify alleles at different frequencies in the extremely old, relative a younger control sample. Here, we apply GWAS approach "synthetic" populations Drosophila melanogaster derived from small number inbred founders. We used next-generation DNA sequencing estimate allele and haplotype oldest surviving individuals an age cohort compared these with those randomly sampled same cohort. this case–control strategy four...

Laboratory selection experiments are alluring in their simplicity, power, and ability to inform us about how evolution works. A longstanding challenge facing with metazoans is that significant generational turnover takes a long time. In this work, we present data from unique system of experimentally evolved laboratory populations Drosophila melanogaster have experienced three distinct life-history regimes. The goal our study was determine quickly certain regime diverge phenotypically...

Abstract Experimental evolutionary genomics now allows biologists to test fundamental theories concerning the genetic basis of adaptation. We have conducted one longest laboratory evolution experiments with any sexually-reproducing metazoan, Drosophila melanogaster . used next-generation resequencing data from this experiment examine genome-wide patterns variation over an time-scale that approaches 1,000 generations. also compared measures within and differentiation between our populations...

The present study extends evidence that Drosophila heat-shock genes are distinctively evolvable because of insertion transposable elements by examining the genotypic diversity and phenotypic consequences naturally occurring P element insertions in proximal promoter regions two small genes. Detailed scrutiny populations revealed 16 distinctive collectively segregating promoters genes, Hsp26 Hsp27. These vary size, orientation site. Frequencies element-containing alleles varied from 5% to 100%...

Abstract There used to be a broad split within the experimental genetics research community between those who did mechanistic using homozygous laboratory strains and studied patterns of genetic variation in wild populations. The former benefited from advantage reproducible experiments, but faced difficulties interpretation given possible genomic evolutionary complexities. latter approach featured readily interpreted contexts, particularly phylogeny, was poor at determining functional...

Abstract “Evolve and resequence” (E&R) studies combine experimental evolution whole‐genome sequencing to interrogate the genetics underlying adaptation. Due ease of handling, E&R work with asexual organisms such as bacteria can employ optimized design, large experiments many generations selection. By contrast, sexually reproducing are more difficult implement, design parameters vary dramatically among studies. Thus, efforts have been made assess how these differences, number...

Experimental evolution allows the observation of change over time as laboratory populations evolve in response to novel, controlled environments. Microbial experiments take advantage cryopreservation archive experimental glycerol media, creating a frozen, living "fossil" record. Prior research with Escherichia coli has shown that conditions can affect cell viability and allele frequencies across genome freeze-thaw event. We expand on these observations by characterizing fitness genomic...

Drosophila melanogaster is a good model species for the study of heart function. However, most previous work on D. function has focused effects large-effect genetic variants. We compare among 18 populations that have been selected altered development time, aging, or stress resistance. find with faster and aging increased dysfunction, measured as percentage failure after electrical pacing. Experimental evolution different triglyceride levels, by contrast, little effect Evolved differences in...

Abstract “Synthetic recombinant” populations have emerged as a useful tool for dissecting the genetics of complex traits. They can be used to derive inbred lines fine QTL mapping, or themselves sampled experimental evolution. In latter application, investigators generally value maximizing genetic variation in constructed populations. This is because evolution experiments initiated from such populations, adaptation primarily fueled by standing variation. Despite this reality, little has been...

Abstract Humans have exaggerated natural habitat fragmentation, negatively impacting species dispersal and reducing population connectivity. Habitat fragmentation can be especially detrimental in freshwater populations, whose is already constrained by the river network structure. Aquatic insects, for instance, are generally limited to two primary modes of dispersal: downstream drift aquatic juvenile life stages flight during terrestrial winged adult stage. Yet impacts large hydropower dams...

Random spore analysis (RSA) is a classic method in yeast genetics that allows high-throughput purification of recombinant haploid spores following specific crosses. RSA typically involves number steps to induce sporulation, purge vegetative cells fail sporulate, and disrupt the ascus walls sporulated release spores. These generally require expensive chemicals and/or enzymes kill diploid but have few effects on In fission Schizosaccharomcyes pombe , heat shock has been reported as an...

Abstract Experimental evolution studies with sexually-reproducing populations consistently find that adaptation is highly polygenic and fueled by standing genetic variation. However, vary substantially respect to other evolutionary dynamics. Resolving these discrepancies a crucial next step as we move toward extrapolating findings from laboratory systems natural populations. Differences in experimental parameters between can perhaps answer questions, here assess how one such parameter -...