Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies are gaining momentum for Internet-of-things applications since they promise wide coverage to a massive number of battery operated devices using grant-free medium access. LoRaWAN, with its physical (PHY) layer design and regulatory efforts, has emerged as the widely adopted LPWAN solution. By chirp spread spectrum modulation qausi-orthogonal spreading factors (SFs), LoRa PHY offers while supporting high-density devices. However, thus far...

Duty cycling (DC) is a popular technique for energy conservation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that allows nodes to wake up and sleep periodically. Typically, single-packet transmission (SPT) occurs per cycle, leading possibly long delay. With aggregated packet (APT), transmit batch of packets single cycle. The potential benefits brought by an APT scheme include shorter delay, higher throughput, efficiency. In the literature, different analytical models have been proposed evaluate...

Energy harvesting (EH) delivers a unique technique for replenishing batteries in Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Equipped with an EH accessory, EH-enabled sensor nodes/IoT devices extract energy from ambient resources, such as solar or radio frequency (RF) signals. Relying on residual battery or/and harvested energy, nodes IoT network perform data exchange activities. Otherwise, the delivery sensed would be delayed until sufficient is harvested. In this paper, we propose on-demand...

In wake-up radio (WuR)-enabled wireless sensor networks, data communication among nodes is triggered in an on-demand manner, by either a sender or receiver. For receiver-initiated WuR (RI-WuR), receiving node wakes up sending through call. Correspondingly transmit packets traditional way competing with one another multiple times single operational cycle. this paper, we propose consecutive packet transmission (RI-CPT-WuR) medium access control (MAC) protocol, which eliminates competitions to...

In this letter, we propose an analytical model to evaluate the performance of S-MAC protocol. The proposed improves accuracy previous models in two aspects. First, it incorporates dependence among nodes within a cluster by defining DTMC that number active nodes, whereas considered were mutually independent. Second, proposes new methods calculate packet delay and energy consumption. is validated through discrete-event based simulations. Numerical results demonstrate yield accurate under...

Mobile ad hoc networks are without fixed infrastructure. The mobile nodes perform both as a host and router by forwarding packets to other nodes. Because of the nature networks, there special demands for routing protocols performance these is an important issue. This paper presents simulation based comparative analysis three main namely DSDV, DSR AODV.

Synchronized duty cycling (DC) aligns sensor nodes to wake up at the same time in order reduce idle listening for medium access control (MAC) wireless networks (WSNs). Demand wakeup MAC (DW-MAC) is a popular synchronous DC protocol which allows compete and transmit multiple packets one operational cycle. This packet transmission (MPT) feature makes DW-MAC more energy efficient when comparing with other existing single competition based protocols such as (S-MAC). In literature, no analytical...

The Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) is shown as a required technology to avoid overcrowding of the licensed bands by increasing cellular traffic.Proposed 3GPP, LAA uses Listen Before Talk (LBT) and backoff mechanism similar Wi-Fi.While many mathematical models have been proposed study problem coexistence Wi-Fi systems, few tackled QoS provisioning, in particular analysed behaviour various classes priority available LAA.This paper presents new model investigate performance different coexisting...

Duty cycling (DC) has been proven to be an efficient mechanism reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). On the other hand, cooperative transmission (CT) enables longer range hop over energy-hole node, resulting more balanced among nodes. In literature, there exist few CT MAC protocols for DC operated WSNs and these rely on fixed cycle length. this paper, we propose a novel variable length protocol, namely asynchronous medium access control (ACT-MAC), which contains both...

Overhearing and idle listening are two primary sources for unnecessary energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. Although introducing duty cycling medium access control (MAC) reduces listening, it cannot avoid overhearing a network with multiple contending nodes. In this paper, we propose an event-triggered sleeping (ETS) mechanism synchronous duty-cycled (DC) MAC protocols order to when node is not active. This ETS applies any DC makes them more efficient. Furthermore, develop...

Energy harvesting (EH) promises an extended lifetime for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), supplying nodes with accumulated energy from natural sources. Different battery powered sensors, in EH-enabled WSNs are equipped accessory order to extract surrounding Based upon the harvested energy, perform data exchange activities. In this paper, we develop two discrete time Markov chain (DTMC) models analyze performance of packet transmissions such a WSN while employing generic synchronous medium...

Cooperative transmission (CT) enables balanced energy consumption among sensor nodes and mitigates the hole problem in wireless networks (WSNs). In typical CT enabled medium access control (MAC) protocols, a source node decides to trigger or not based on residual comparison between itself its relay node. this paper, we propose receiver initiated MAC protocol, which receiving makes decision initiating tradeoff performing non-CT. way, can avoid idle listening achieve an extended lifetime. A...

Multiple packet transmissions (MPTs) improve performance by transmitting multiple packets in a single operational cycle. Asynchronous duty cycling medium access control (MAC) protocols such as receiver initiated MAC protocol (RI-MAC) transmit one In this letter, we develop two associated discrete time Markov chain (DTMC) models to model MPT that can be achieved via node competitions. Furthermore, present the way of incorporating those developed with each other for evaluating RI-MAC MPT....

Priority-oriented packet transmission (PPT) has been a promising solution for transmitting time-critical packets in timely manner during emergency scenarios Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we develop two associated discrete time Markov chain (DTMC) models to analyze performance the PPT an IoT network. Using proposed DTMC models, investigate effect traffic prioritization terms average delay synchronous medium access control (MAC) protocol. Furthermore, results obtained from...

In this paper, we propose a novel energy efficient cooperative duty cycle MAC (EECDC-MAC) protocol in which sensor nodes use fixed wakeup rendezvous scheduling to exchange messages and transmission mechanism avoid overuse of with lower residual energy. Numerical results demonstrate that the EECDC-MAC can prolong entire network longevity efficiently comparison an existing protocol, CDC-MAC, another popular prediction (PW-MAC) protocol.

Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies are gaining momentum for internet-of-things (IoT) applications since they promise wide coverage to a massive number of battery-operated devices using grant-free medium access. LoRaWAN, with its physical (PHY) layer design and regulatory efforts, has emerged as the widely adopted LPWAN solution. By chirp spread spectrum modulation qausi-orthogonal spreading factors (SFs), LoRa PHY offers while supporting high-density devices. However, thus far...

WiMax, based on IEEE 802.16 standard, is last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL. WiMax supports point-to-multipoint mesh mode operations. In every Subscriber Station can directly communicate with its neighbors without the help of Base Station. Enhancing capability WiMAX Mesh network important issue. A proper adaptive modulation enables a system optimize throughput propagation conditions. TCP reliable transport layer protocol widely used. This paper presents...