Mobile ad hoc networks are without fixed infrastructure. The mobile nodes perform both as a host and router by forwarding packets to other nodes. Because of the nature networks, there special demands for routing protocols performance these is an important issue. This paper presents simulation based comparative analysis three main namely DSDV, DSR AODV.

This Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has become very popular because of its so many practical applications in areas such as wild life, military, patient monitoring, Earthquake prediction, and fire detection etc. Because usage these security is an essential aspect. And since WSNs are resource constrained their small size, energy also need to be used efficiently. So this nature there trade-off between Security Energy. But due WSN, designing secure routing protocol for WSN challenging issue. Many...

This paper proposes a new class of Turbo type codes referred to as Improved Low Complexity Hybrid Codes (ILCHTC). For low Bit Energy Noise Ratio (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> )ILCHTC shows better convergence errors than that Code (LCHTC). Simulation results show ILCHTC achieves Error Rate (BER) 10 <sup xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> at E 1.9...

A study on the temperature sensing capability of a light-emitting diode (LED) has been made. Dependence I–V characteristics as function is used mechanism. It found that voltage GaP LED are quite linear from 77 to 533 K. The measured sensitivity 5.31 mV/K at 1 pA and 2.34 0.1 mA. Since reverse saturation current less than fempto-ampere range, it possible operate thermometer low currents, compared silicon or germanium thermometers, which reduce power dissipation in device. extend range higher...

Spectrum scarcity is increasing with the growing demand of number wireless technologies and services. Cognitive Radio (CR) techniques have become reliable solution for solving spectral congestion problem. For utilization unused electromagnetic spectrum in a cognitive radio network, it necessary secondary users to monitor available (allocated primary users) identify free (spectrum holes). In this paper user signal channel noise conditions are discussed. Earlier literature has worked on one...

The key implementation issue for most of the powerful error correcting codes is overall decoding complexity. Compared with 8-state turbo codes, proposed code can achieve nearly same performance significantly reduced modified which uses parallel concatenation component codes. First few are series combination zigzag and convolutional Since multiple used in a hybrid code. Code rate low complexity (LCHTC) be adjusted by changing array size puncturing parity bits Performance analysis LCHTC shows...

A new circuit for measuring low dc currents using an LED-based logarithmic electrometer is presented. The designed to measure from 1 pA 0.1 mA. Temperature compensation achieved the ratio technique in temperature range -20/spl deg/C-70/spl deg/C. Variations scale factor as a function of input current and device constant n are also discussed.

Wireless sensor networks are best known for their applications in continuous monitoring of physical parameters and network processing capabilities. However, a WSN is vulnerable to security breaches data nodes. Security challenging issue WSN, as they have limited energy other resources. The fact that deployed extreme ever changing environmental conditions makes it more difficult be secure all the time. There variety attacks target resource constrained nodes WSN. In this paper, we present...

Modern error correcting codes are used in 4G and proposed for future wireless cellular networks achieving improved channel capability. Turbo codes, their variants with better capabilities, LDPC near Shannon limit such systems. This paper focuses on present generations of mobile communication systems improving system performance. These have higher data rates low energy per bit. The comparative performance evaluation suitability network is explored the paper. comparison will be useful selection

Wireless local area nerworks (WLANs) are increasingly finding applications that include real time traffic like voice over IP (VoIP). Medium access coordination function for WLANs in IEEE 802.11 basically implements medium control (MAC) by employing distributed (DCF). provide limited support quality of service (QoS). A new standard, namely 802.11e, defines MAC procedure to QoS requirements applications. 802.11e introduces the hybrid (HCF), which specifies contention-based scheme, called as...

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For the emerging digital video broadcast applications of satellite communication system, there is a demand to achieve low bit error rate, reduced receiver end processing delay with high data rate transmission. Advance forward correction techniques such as LDPC codes, Turbo codes and BCH can be employed this. code provides throughput, improved coding gain complexity. It 5.12 dB at 3.1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> in...

VLC-OFDM is proposed to be used as the transmission technique in 5G mobile communication. produces non-linear distortion due non linear characteristics of LEDs and PAPR multiple sub-carrier modulation. The mitigation VLC system presently focused by many researchers, it degrades performance. Since OFDM so suffers drawbacks well VLC. Therefore, non-linearity quite severe. Hence, three companding techniques(A-law, μ-law, advanced A-law) can implemented remove issue. Comparatively, advance A-law...

Energy efficiency and data reliability are stringent requirements for today's IoT networks. In order to achieve energy transmission power level of the node during should be optimized. There is a trade-off between received data. Cross-Layer based Efficient Reliable Data Transmission System (CLEERDTS) Networks proposed in this research work such that consumption minimized reliable delivery achieved. cross-layer model, location information nodes embedded network layer, transmit estimated at...

Communication in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) comprises two phases, route discovery and data transmission. In a hostile environment, adversarial nodes can try to disrupt communication both phases; therefore, ensure comprehensive security, phases should be safeguarded. Physical security MANET setups is very limited the possibility of spoofing, replay transmission, header modification, etc. always exists. Link level using encryption, does reduce threats, but most pressing issue remains with...

Characterization of temporal variations in wireless channel impairments plays an important role the design a reliable and efficient mobile communication system. Such channels are termed as fading since various random phenomena propagation path result received signal envelope. Simulation models often used to estimate behavior due higher complexity developing analytical for such channels. In this paper, Finite State Markov Model is developed evaluation multi-path channel. Cumulative states...

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), based on IEEE 802.16, provides first-mile wireless access broadband users and is capable of satisfying the Quality Service (QoS) requirements voice, video data traffic (triple-play services). This paper proposes two WiMAX hybrid schedulers, developed by integration homogeneous providing QoS to triple-play services. The Markovian model solved analytically derive various performance metrics, which are then compared with an existing...

Efficient and improved methods of secured route discovery data transmission in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) are most recent research issues for ensuring full applicability deploying MANETs wide range applications, including strategic as well non-strategic. Secured has been addressed by SRP/SMT, a generic protocol independent technique discovery. In DSR the issue is left to be other protocols. One such concept discussed proposal S-DSR, integrating SRP features DSR, achieve multiple S-DSR...

Low complexity modified turbo codes (MTC) offer bit error rate performance close to Shannon&apos;s limit with significantly reduced decoding complexity. However, since interleavers used in interleave positions one-dimensional (1D) array, they cannot be for MTC which encode information bits arranged 2D array. Moreover, use several increase the memory requirement store permutation patterns. Objective of this study is design two-stage interleaver low requirement, large values column spreading...

Turbo convolutional codes (TCC) are excellent error correcting as they show near Shannon capacity performance in communication systems. However, turbo decoders computationally complex. Recently, a class of modified called low complexity hybrid (LCHTC) is proposed with bit rate (BER) which almost same that codes. In this paper improved (ILCHTC) and its BER presented. Simulation results convergence ILCHTC better than LCHTC. Analysis LCHTC the number computations reduce by factor two compared...

Turbo Convolutional Codes (TCC) are excellent error correcting codes. However, TCC decoders require large number of computations. Recently, a class low complexity modified codes termed as Low Complexity Hybrid (LCHTC) and Improved (ILCHTC) have been proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed achieve performance close to TCC. Both LCHTC ILCHTC encode information bits arranged in 2-dimensional array. design interleavers is based on interleaving 1-dimensional array bits. Therefore,...