The white rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora FP-90031-sp and Cyathus stercoreus ATCC 36910 were evaluated for their ability to delignify Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) stems improve biodegradability. Compositional structural alterations in plant cell walls effected by the determined nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography of alkali-treated residues, microspectrophotometry, electron microscopy. Contaminating bacteria fungi, which grew from unsterilized stems, did not...

Despite considerable efforts in developing curve-fitting protocols to evaluate the crystallinity index (CI) from X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, its present state XRD can only provide a qualitative or semi-quantitative assessment of amounts crystalline amorphous fraction sample. The greatest barrier establishing quantitative is lack appropriate cellulose standards, which are needed calibrate measurements. In practice, samples with known CI very difficult prepare determine. previous...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects in-package dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) atmospheric cold plasma (CP) on meat color, microbiological quality and safety chicken breast (pectoralis major). Raw broiler collected from a local commercial plant. Noninoculated samples inoculated with Campylobacter Salmonella were packed in polymeric trays air. packaged CP-treated at 70 kV for different times (0, 60, 180, or 300 sec) stored 4°C 5 days. Microbial counts (psychrophiles,...

Samples of flax (Linum usitatissimum) stems from the cultivars 'Natasja' and 'Ariane' were separated into fibre core fractions analysed by gas–liquid chromatographic methods, 13C CPMAS NMR spectrometry, histochemistry, electron microscopy UV absorption microspectrophotometry to assist in determining structure composition these cell walls relation quality utilisation. Analyses chromatography gave similar results for carbohydrate phenolic constituents various samples lower, more mature regions...

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of seed and lint cottons were collected to explore the potential for discrimination immature from mature ones also determination actual cotton maturity. Spectral features revealed large differences in 900—1200 cm 1 region, such spectral distinctions formed basis on which develop a simple three-band ratio algorithm classification analysis. Next, an additional formula was created assess degree fiber maturity by converting ratios into appropriate FTIR...

Leaves of sericea lespedeza exhibit a high proportion condensed tannin, resulting in poor forage quality. The white rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Cyathus sterocoreus are known to preferentially degrade lignin variety plants were evaluated for their ability tannin from leaves with the aim improving digestibility. Relative levels cutin, pectin, cellulose monitored as function fungal treatment by solid-state cross-polarization magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance...

Abstract Winter cover crops are increasingly used to maintain water quality and agroecosystem productivity. Cover crop incorporation influences transient soil microbial dynamics nutrient availability at an early growth stage of subsequent crops. Short‐term (≤35 d) effects on C pools N were evaluated using sandy loam soils from organically conventionally managed fields. Field incubation experiments designed investigate whether had differential how they related mineralization. Labile (soil...

Commercial enzyme mixtures are tested for their possibly selective degradation of flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) stem components in relation to the retting process producing linen. Structural and chemical compositional results from treatments obtained using scanning electron microscopy, histochemistry, gas-liquid chromatography, 13 C cp mas nmr spectrometry, mid-infrared spectroscopy. Flaxzyme Ultrazym an enriched pectinase mixture (epm), which was not developed but is included comparison,...

Winter annual cover crop use is limited in conservation management systems the United States. Grazing crops could encourage adoption if returns offset establishment costs without reducing yields. A 4‐yr field experiment was conducted near Watkinsville, GA, which a rye ( Secale cereale L.) grazed by cattle or roller‐crimped before planting cotton Gossypium hirsutum L.). Cattle consumed about 2.4 Mg ha −1 of forage annually but amounts were variable due to weather conditions. Rye residue...

The effects of spaghetti meat (SM) myopathy and sampling location on chicken breast physical traits, composition, protein functionality were investigated using 30 normal (N) SM boneless fillets. Weight, drip loss, pH, color traits determined intact Proximate water holding capacity, mineral profile, SDS-PAGE, myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic solubility, emulsifying properties assessed both the superficial (S) deep (D) layers breasts. fillets heavier (P < 0.0001) exhibited greater loss = 0.0131)...

Numerous antimicrobial chemicals are currently utilized as processing aids with the aim of reducing pathogenic bacteria on processed poultry carcasses. Carryover active sanitizer to a carcass rinse solution intended for recovery viable by regulatory agencies may cause false-negative results. This study was conducted document potential carryover effect five sanitizing commonly used broilers in postchill dip. The postdip drip time volume first determined regression data obtained from 10...

Improving uniformity in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber properties increases processing performance. Our objective was to compare two cultivars differing relative maturity for within‐canopy variability of physical and surface chemical constituents. The (DPL 555 BG/RR [mid‐full maturity] PM 1218 [early maturity]) were grown plots on a Goldsboro loamy sand 2004 2005. Fiber extractable glucose salts determined first (FP1) second (FP2) reproductive branch position bolls. Whole‐crop yield...

ABSTRACT Water and sugar distribution in a single blueberry were mapped both before after freeze/thaw using magnetic resonance imaging. Images obtained slice selective spin echo pulse sequence which included T 1 inversion recovery time period, allowing selection of either the water signal or signal. Freeze/thaw results rupture retaining membranes within discrete locations fruit tissue. This causes change ratio motion modified (i.e., hydrogen bonded chemically exchanged) to unmodified (i.e....

Abstract The cell walls of rind, parenchyma and vascular bundle fractions pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum (L) R Br) were isolated from two brown midrib mutants their normal (N) near‐isogeneic line. sequentially treated with 1 M NaOH at 25°C for 20 h to determine ester‐linked phenolic acids then 4 170°C 2 ether‐linked constituents. untreated residues resulting each treatment analyzed by microspectrophotometry 13 C NMR spectroscopy. amount p ‐coumaric acid was determined chemical analysis...

Two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis was applied to characterize the attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectral intensity fluctuations of immature and mature cotton fibers. Prior 2D analysis, spectra were leveled zero at peak 1800 cm(-1) then normalized 660 subjectively correct variations resulting from ATR sampling. Next, subjected principal component (PCA), two clusters fibers confirmed on basis first (PC1) negative positive scores, respectively. The clearly demonstrated increase or...