ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTTHE DETERMINATION OF CARBONIC ACID, COMBINED AND FREE, IN SOLUTION, PARTICULARLY NATURAL WATERS.1John JohnstonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1916, 38, 5, 947–975Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1916Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 1916https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02262a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02262a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE...

The acute oral toxicity of the anticoagulant rodenticide diphacinone was found to be over 20 times greater in American kestrels (Falco sparverius; median lethal dose 96.8 mg/kg body weight) compared with Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Modest evidence internal bleeding observed at necropsy, although histological examination heart, liver, kidney, lung, intestine, skeletal muscle revealed hemorrhage a wide range doses (35.1-675 mg/kg). Residue...

Abstract In the United States, new regulations on second‐generation anticoagulant rodenticides will likely be offset by expanded use of first‐generation rodenticides. present study, eastern screech‐owls ( Megascops asio ) were fed 10 µg diphacinone/g wet weight food for 7 d, and recovery was monitored over a 21‐d postexposure period. By day 3 exposure, diphacinone (DPN) detected in liver (1.63 µg/g wt) kidney (5.83 µg/g) coagulopathy apparent. 7, prothrombin time (PT) Russell's viper venom...

Plasma, milk and tissue samples were collected from 30 dairy cattle (0.4 to 8.9 years of age) with lifetime exposures perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) removed a PFAS-contaminated farm provided PFAS-free feed water. Twenty slaughtered 2 weeks after removal the tissues for histological residue analyses. Milk and/or plasma all remaining at 2-week intervals daily but analyzed same as samples. The 20 22 initial set animals slaughtered. While many incidental normal background findings noted on...

The role of chemical constituents in the foraging behavior black bears (Ursus americanas) was investigated using two field studies. Vascular tissue samples were collected from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees recently foraged by bears. Samples extracted and analyzed liquid gas chromatography to determine carbohydrates terpenes, respectively. Chemical data subjected correlation analyses multiple regression examine if they adequately describe observed preferences. Free-ranging also...

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are environmentally persistent industrial chemicals often found in biosolids. Application of these biosolids to pastures raises concern about the accumulation PFOA edible tissues food animals. Because data on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) cattle were unavailable, a study was conducted determine pharmacokinetic parameters following single oral exposure (1 mg/kg body weight 14C-PFOA) four...

Nitrites are added as a preservative to variety of cured meats, including bacon, kill bacteria, extend shelf life, and improve quality. During cooking, nitrites in the meat can be converted carcinogenic nitrosamines (NAs), formation which is mitigated by addition antioxidants. In past, U.S. Department Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) monitored NAs pan-fried but FSIS terminated monitoring 1990s due very low levels found. recently chose conduct risk assessment cooked...

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a perfluoroalkyl surfactant used in many industrial products, is present wastes and wastewater treatment plant biosolids. Biosolids are commonly applied to pastures crops for animal feed; consequently, PFOS may accumulate the edible tissues of grazing animals or exposed contaminated feeds. There no data on absorption, distribution, excretion beef cattle, so 28-day study was conducted determine these parameters three Lowline Angus steers given single oral...

Poultry and meat products contaminated with Salmonella enterica are a major cause of foodborne illness in the United States. The food industries use wide variety antimicrobial interventions to reduce bacterial contamination. However, little is known about susceptibility these compounds some studies have shown concerning link between biocide resistance antibiotic resistance. To investigate this, 96 well panel 17 common household commercially used biocides was designed determine minimum...

Plasma and ear notch samples were removed from 164 Holstein cows heifers, which had lifetime exposures to per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through consumption of contaminated feed water sources. A suite nine PFAS including five perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA) four sulfonic (PFSA) was quantified in plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bioaccumulation four- nine-carbon PFCAs did not occur or skin, but PFSAs longer than carbons accumulated both skin. Exposure periods...

ABSTRACT Edible shrimp ( Penaeus aztecus ) tissue contains approximately 1.2% extractable lipids, the majority of which are phospholipids. Data from gravimetric quantitation lipid classes isolated by column chromatography indicated that phosphatidyl choline was predominant phospholipid and cholesterol neutral in edible tissue. Fatty acid distribution data sphingomyelins contained greatest percent weight unsaturated fatty acids while esters proportion saturated acids. Enzymatic hydrolysis...

Abstract Three probabilistic models were developed for characterizing the risk of mortality and subacute coagulopathy to Poouli, an endangered nontarget avian species, in broadcast diphacinone‐baited areas on Hawaii, USA. For single‐day exposure, Poouli approaches 0. 5‐d mean probability increased 3% adult 8% juvenile populations. that consume snails containing diphacinone residues 14 d, model predicted levels 0.42 11% populations, respectively. Worst‐case deterministic characterizations...

Abstract Damage to ripening sunflowers by blackbirds is an important agricultural problem in the northern Great Plains. In effort reduce crop loss non‐lethal means, several insecticidal formulations were evaluated for potential bird repellency. One formulation, Lorsban®‐4E, was highly effective feeding studies with caged blackbirds. Chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate pesticide) a registered insecticide and acaricide commonly used control insects on sunflower, active ingredient Lorsban®‐4E. To...

The protein quality of 20 commercially available animal by-product meals (9 meat and bone meals, 6 feather 3 fish 2 hair meals) was evaluated using chick efficiency ratio (PER), net utilization (NPU), pepsin digestibility, Tetrahymena furgasoni bioassay, dye-binding, chemical score. first limiting amino acid(s) in the proteins for weight gain were total sulfur acids (TSAA) both meal meals; however, methionine acid keratin proteins, feather, meals. Each test produced different rankings...

Nine meat and bone meals were digested with a .002%, .02%, .2% pepsin-HCl solution six feather .2%, 2% for 16-hr period. An acid blank value the was determined from digestible nitrogen .075 N HC1. The ranged 90.03% to 94.09% pepsin (PDN) under standard AOAC (1975) procedure not subtracting HC1 total nitrogen. same .002% correcting an 60 81.95 PDN. Feather 66.15 79.92 PDN (corrected blank) compared 12.5 34.93 pepsin. decreased quantity of increases sensitivity test digestibility difference...

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is used in consumer products as a surfactant and found industrial waste, which ends up wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). PFOS does not breakdown during WWTP processes accumulates the biosolids. Common practices include application of biosolids to pastures croplands for feed, result, animals such beef cattle are exposed PFOS. To determine plasma tissue depletion kinetics cattle, 2 steers 4 heifers were dosed with at 0.098 mg/kg body weight 9.1 mg/kg,...

Numerous antimicrobial chemicals are currently utilized as processing aids with the aim of reducing pathogenic bacteria on processed poultry carcasses. Carryover active sanitizer to a carcass rinse solution intended for recovery viable by regulatory agencies may cause false-negative results. This study was conducted document potential carryover effect five sanitizing commonly used broilers in postchill dip. The postdip drip time volume first determined regression data obtained from 10...

Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies can become overcrowded, and the colonies, landscape, people affected by them may benefi t from controlled populations. Contraception is a method that be useful, particularly where lethal control inappropriate or illegal. We investigated if oral administration of 20,25-diazacholesterol (DiazaCon ® ), an inhibitor cholesterol reproductive steroid hormone production, could reduce success treated black-tailed dogs in fi eld trial. Ten...