The global poultry industry has been faced with emerging broiler breast meat quality issues including conditions known as white striping (WS, striations parallel to muscle fibers) and woody (WB, hardness of raw fillet). Experiments were conducted evaluate effects WS WB on traits in fillets. In Exp. 1, birds processed at approximately 9 wk age deboned 4 h postmortem (PM); 2, 6 2 PM. Fillets categorized as: normal for both (NORM); moderate mild (MILD); severe (WS); (WB); or (BOTH). Sarcomere...

White striping (WS) and woody breast (WB) are 2 poultry meat quality defects that affect the acceptance of raw fillets as well properties cooked further processed products. The present study was intended to evaluate incidence these conditions in broilers at different ages compare with degrees WS WB. For this study, 1,920 birds were processed, 6 9 wk age, a standard commercial inline processing system. After chilling, carcasses deboned butterfly collected weighed. Individual scored for...

White Striping (WS) and Woody Breast (WB) are 2 conditions that adversely affect consumer acceptance as well quality of poultry meat products. Both WS WB characterized with degenerative myopathic changes. Previous studies showed in broiler fillets could result higher ultimate pH, increased drip loss, decreased marinade uptake. The main objective the present study was to compare proteomic profiles muscle tissue (n = 5 per group) either NORM (no or few minor lesions) SEV (with severe changes)....

Developmental hormonal changes in Cobb 500 chick embryos and hatched chicks were determined by measuring plasma insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, glucose concentrations at different ages of embryogenesis posthatch development. Plasma samples obtained daily from 10 d (10E) through 13 also 17 21 posthatch. A significant increase insulin was observed with increasing age 10E to hatch. glucagon levels remained low until 17E, then...

White striping is the white striation occasionally observed parallel to direction of muscle fibers in broiler breast fillets and thighs at processing plant. Broiler can be categorized as normal (NORM), moderate (MOD), or severe (SEV) based on degree striping. Histologically, SEV are characterized by highest degeneration along with fibrosis lipidosis when compared NORM. The present study was undertaken compare hematologic serologic profiles broilers NORM degrees get more information systemic...

Woody breast (WB) is a myopathy of the Pectoralis major muscle in broilers that characterized by increased hardness raw fillet. This defect increases economic losses due to associated decreased meat quality and addition training skilled laborers identify problematic fillets. Therefore, objectives this study were determine if compression force (CF) could be used as non-invasive method detecting WB assess changes attributes during cold storage. Deboned fillets (n = 121) collected from 8-wk-old...

In recent years, there has been a growing body of evidence indicating that replacing cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃) with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D₃] through dietary supplementation enhances breast meat yield in broiler chickens. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown.We investigated effect 25(OH)D₃ on male growth performance (body weight, feed intake, conversion ratio, and yield), muscle protein synthesis, potential mechanisms.Male Cobb 500 chickens were...

The modern commercial broiler is the product of intensive genetic selection for rapid and efficient growth. An unintended consequence this selective breeding has been loss ability self-regulation feed intake to closely match requirements maintenance, growth, reproduction. Thus, tends overconsume feed, resulting in a range metabolic health problems related development obesity. These progress with age become significant impediment production parent stock. To manage situation, breeder birds...

The rationale for conducting the research was to determine optimum dietary protein and energy concentration maximum performance of broilers housed in different environmental temperatures. Male were house temperatures ranging from 21.1°C 35°C fed grower diets containing either 3050 or 3250 kcal ME/kg with five levels CP amino acids. high across all had significantly improved feed conversions utilization. A significant interaction between ME occurred because low did not show gains related...

An experiment with a factorial arrangement of treatment (3 by 2 2) was conducted to determine the effect ascorbic-acid supplementation (0, 100, and 200 ppm) on performance two commercial layer strains housed at density either 3 or 4 birds per cage relative humidities (RH) 40% 60%. The hens were subjected continuous heat stress 31.1° C for 3-mo experimental period. As comparison an unstressed control group, additional group 23.9° RH fed diet without supplementation. Mortality reduced Shell...

In order to determine TMEn response individual saccharide moieties, five different sugar additions were made a soy protein concentrate control that contained low levels of oligosaccharides. The the approximate amounts raffinose, stachyose, and sucrose found in soybean meal (SBM). All samples precision-fed adult Leghorn roosters values. had dry matter gross energy (GE) 4,873 kcal/kg, CP 73.1%, value 3,757 kcal/kg. Raffinose stachyose significantly reduced values for control. Sucrose did not...

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feed restriction programs on breeder reproductive performance. In experiment 1, every day (ED), skip-a-day (SK), 4-3, and 5-2 compared. Diets did not differ, intake was identical in all groups. Four hundred twenty pullets reared each program. At 21 wk, 80 breeders from program individually housed record performance parameters. Body weight frame size larger ED than SK, or despite equal intakes. Hens fed reached sexual maturity at a...

Digestibility coefficients of nutrients, metabolizable energy (ME), net (NE) and the ratio NE to ME (NE/ME) 20 diets were measured in broiler chickens (1 21 d). Dietary nutrients formulated keep similar ME/nutrient ratios, except for dietary protein, fat, fiber using corn, soybean meal, animal protein blend, barley, poultry oil an enzyme mixture xylanase, glucanase, phytase. battery cages under free-access feed, while was floor pens feeding 75% recommended intake each day. maintenance...

Three hundred twenty Cobb 500 broiler breeder pullets at 21 wk of age were selected from a flock fed according to Breeder Management Guide specifications. One sixty switched ad libitum feeding, and the remaining 160 continued be control-fed. The photostimulated 22 maintained until 36.5 wk. Plasma samples obtained, BW was determined, hens killed for determination body composition following periods: 24 h prior photostimulation, 2.5 after first egg, peak egg production. Compared with...

Three 5-d bioassays were conducted to investigate the microbial phytase effect on apparent phytate phosphorus (PP) hydrolysis by 21-d-old broilers using corn-soybean meal basal diets. In Experiment 1, fed corn-soy diet [0.7% Ca, 0.4% total P (TP), and 0.12% nonphytate (NPP)] with 0, 250, 500, 750, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 5,000 FTU of phytase/kg produced PP (%) 43.12, 68.12, 74.7, 85.02, 85.25 92.77, 96.91, 99.45, respectively. 2, (0.5% Ca 0.17% PP) without added 0.08, 0.13, 0.18, 0.23, 0.28,...

A trial was conducted to determine the effects of different feeding regimens on plasma hormone and metabolite levels in 16-wk-old broiler breeder pullets. flock 350 Cobb 500 pullets divided 2 at 28 d age fed either every day (ED, 5 pens 35 birds) or skip-a-day (SKIP, from 112 age. Total feed intake did not differ between groups. At d, 52 randomly selected larger ED-fed pullets, 76 SKIP-fed were individually caged a meal 74 g (ED) 148 (SKIP). Blood samples collected 4 each group by cardiac...

Two trials were conducted to determine the amino acid and protein requirements of broiler breeders at peak production. In trial 1, 32-wk-old Cobb 500 with similar BW selected digestible requirement for daily product output (g egg mass + g gain/b/d) feed conversion feed/g product) Met, Phe, Arg, Ile, Lys, CP in a 42-d production study. 2, 30-wk-old Cys, Val, Trp, Thr 70-d Breeders given corn-soy basal diet plus crystalline acids 8 graded levels (10 birds per level), representing 40 130%...

Abstract Two broiler lines A and B were fed experimental diets from 21 to 42 days with an objective determine Pectoralis major protein turnover (PT) as affected by the dietary amino acid (AA) levels ambient temperature. Experimental ( n = 9 replicate pens per diet) formulated 3,150 kcal/kg five of digestible lysine (dLys) −80, 90, 100, 110 120% recommended AA level giving g dlys/Mcal values 2.53, 2.85, 3.17, 3.48 3.80 respectively. All other was a fixed ratio dLys. Fractional synthesis or...

Selection for quantitative traits in meat broilers such as breast yield and growth rate exert physiological pressure leading to ante mortem histological biochemical alterations muscle tissues. The poultry industry has recently witnessed a myopathy condition affecting Pectoralis major (breast muscle) of broilers, called woody (WB), an etiology still unclear scientific community. A study was conducted characterize the WB broiler line at its finishing phase (d 41) terms heat production (HP),...

Presently, phosphorus requirements are based on consumption of nonphytate (NPP), which does not account for the fact that NPP may be completely available and phytate can partially utilized to fulfill requirements. Phosphorus retention values feed ingredients, accounting phosphorus, total retainable needed formulate diets meet poultry but do result in excessive amounts excreta. A bioassay was conducted determine from calcium phosphates. Eight levels a reagent-grade monocalcium phosphate,...

Body composition (BC) analysis is important because the modern broiler one of most efficient animals in producing protein for human consumption, and a proper nutrition could potentiate this meat production. BC by chemical was analyzed 151 broilers from 1to 60 d age. Birds were fed mash feeds ad libitum four phases (starter 1 to 14d, grower 15 28 d, finisher 29 42 withdrawal 43 d). Gompertz 3P model, multiple linear regression, CRD with ANOVA used experimental design using JMP pro 2015. The...

Forty-day-old Arbor Acre × Ross male broilers were precision-fed 44% soybean meal (SBM) or 80%-ethanol extracted SBM (ESBM) to determine differences in TMEn values due the removal of oligosaccharides. The had a dry matter crude protein content 47.2% and value 2,546 kcal/kg. ESBM 64.4% 3,117 In second experiment, Leghorn roosters SBM, ESBM, containing 5.3% raffinose (RAF), plus alcohol extract (EXT). with was approximately 420 kcal/kg higher than that SBM. for RAF EXT similar third...

The protein quality of 20 commercially available animal by-product meals (9 meat and bone meals, 6 feather 3 fish 2 hair meals) was evaluated using chick efficiency ratio (PER), net utilization (NPU), pepsin digestibility, Tetrahymena furgasoni bioassay, dye-binding, chemical score. first limiting amino acid(s) in the proteins for weight gain were total sulfur acids (TSAA) both meal meals; however, methionine acid keratin proteins, feather, meals. Each test produced different rankings...