In 2011, aquaculture accounted for almost 64 million MT of fish, crustaceans and mollusks (FAO, 2012). Fish meal has historically been the protein source choice in aquatic feeds, but global supplies have reached a plateau making it less available more expensive. As consequence, use cheaper proteins made from processed plant proteins, byproducts agriculture, fisheries or slaughtering terrestrial production animals was popularized within feed industry. Although these alternative ingredients...

White striping (WS) and woody breast (WB) are 2 poultry meat quality defects that affect the acceptance of raw fillets as well properties cooked further processed products. The present study was intended to evaluate incidence these conditions in broilers at different ages compare with degrees WS WB. For this study, 1,920 birds were processed, 6 9 wk age, a standard commercial inline processing system. After chilling, carcasses deboned butterfly collected weighed. Individual scored for...

White Striping (WS) and Woody Breast (WB) are 2 conditions that adversely affect consumer acceptance as well quality of poultry meat products. Both WS WB characterized with degenerative myopathic changes. Previous studies showed in broiler fillets could result higher ultimate pH, increased drip loss, decreased marinade uptake. The main objective the present study was to compare proteomic profiles muscle tissue (n = 5 per group) either NORM (no or few minor lesions) SEV (with severe changes)....

Dietary supplementation of trace minerals with a large safety margin is common practice in the poultry industry to prevent mineral deficiency. However, oversupplementation inorganic often results poor bioavailability and low body retention, can result more than 90% dietary being excreted into environment. In this trial, litter concentrations at conclusion study had very high Ca (2.3%), P (1.7%), Cu (150 ppm), Fe (350 Mn (420 Zn ppm). It has been demonstrated that chelated are bioavailable,...

The objective of this research was to determine the efficacy 2 types adsorbents [hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS) vs. a combination clay and yeast cell wall] in preventing aflatoxicosis broilers. A total 275 one-day-old birds were randomly divided into 11 treatments, with 5 replicate pens per treatment chicks pen. treatments included 3 diets without any adsorbent containing either 0, 1, or mg/kg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) plus 8 additional employing dietary levels AFB1 (1 mg/kg),...

The objective of this experiment was to measure the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and retention rate Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe in pigs fed either inorganic or organic sources Fe. experimental design a randomized complete block with 2 × 3 factorial arrangement treatments. There were types diets (corn grits-based corn-soybean meal [SBM]-based diets) micromineral treatments (basal premix [BMM], [IMM], [OMM]). BMM contained no added Fe; IMM microminerals provided as sulfates at 40, 50, 20, 100...

Two 54-d grow-out trials were conducted in a commercial broiler facility to determine the effect on performance, carcass yield, footpad lesions, and litter trace mineral concentrations when feeding chicks diets containing reduced levels of chelated Zn-(HMTBA)2 [where HMTBA is 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid; 1 2], Cu-(HMTBA)2 (trial 2), Mn-(HMTBA)2 2) comparison with industry respective inorganic minerals (ITM). A total 122,400 Ross 708 straight-run distributed into 8 houses...

The objective was to investigate increasing concentrations of an evolved microbial phytase on male broiler performance, tibia bone ash, AME, and amino acid digestibility when fed diets deficient in available phosphorus (aP). Experiment 1 evaluated the effects during a 21 d battery cage study 2 42 grow-out. included six treatments; negative control (NC) with aP level 0.23% (starter) 0.19% (grower), two positive controls (PC) consisting additional 0.12% 0.22% (PC PC 2), NC supplemented three...

Three studies were conducted to investigate whether a chelated Cu can replace CuSO4 as growth promoter in pigs. In Exp. 1, total of 240 piglets (Large White×Landrace, 7.36±0.10 kg) randomly allocated 1 3 treatments with 8 replicates and 10 per pen. Treatments included NRC control (CuSO4, 6 mg/kg), two supplementations from either or Cu(HMTBa)2 at 170 mg/kg. Pigs fed 6.0% heavier than pigs the mg/kg (p = 0.03) end experiment. During 42 days experimental period, gained 9.0% more 0.01), tended...

A multitrial analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels Cu from either Cu(2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid [HMTBa])2 or CuSO4 on growth performance in nursery pigs. Six trials were 2007 2012 under same commercial conditions with initial BW 5.75 ± 0.41 kg at 21 3 d age; lasted for 42 a 3-phase feeding program (7 Phase I, 14 II, and III). Diets medicated antibiotics supplemented 3,000 mg/kg Zn as ZnO during phases I and/or II. Treatments included basal diet without...

Poultry diets are typically supplemented with DL-2-hydroxy-4(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBA, or the hydroxy analog of methionine) DL-methionine (DLM). Although HMTBA and DLM provide methionine activity, they structurally distinct molecules different physiological characteristics until converted to L-methionine. The relative rates intestinal vs. absorption have been controversial, it has claimed that is not fully absorbed. We measured uptake in an vitro everted slice model. Sections slices...

Wooden breast (WB) is a degenerative myopathy seen in modern broiler birds resulting quality downgrade of fillets. Affected filets show increased toughness both before as well after cooking and have decreased water holding capacity marinade pick up compared to normal Although the exact etiology unknown, circulatory insufficiency oxidative stress muscles could be damage degeneration muscle fibers leading myopathies. Three independent experiments were conducted evaluate effect various dietary...

Copper (Cu) is widely used at high levels as growth promoter in poultry, the alternative source of Cu to replace level inorganic poultry farm remains be determined. Three floor pen experiments were conducted evaluate effects methionine hydroxy-analogue chelate (Cu-MHAC, MINTREX®Cu, Novus International, Inc.) on performance and gut health broilers comparison CuSO4 and/or tribasic copper chloride (TBCC). There 3 treatments experiment#1 (0, 30 75 ppm Cu-MHAC) experiment#2 (15 Cu-MHAC, 125...

The objective of this study was to compare the gain-response curve dietary levels 2-hydroxy-4(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBA) and DL-Met (DLM) across 4 floor pen trials in which different diets were used. Six replicates 38 or 41 birds per (trials 1 2 3 4, respectively) used a x factorial arrangement. A control with 12 also included. Met sources fed at equimolar equally spaced, highest level added requirements from 48, 49, 43, 49 d for 1, 2, 3, respectively. Commercial-type TSAA-deficient...