Approvals for the use of nontherapeutic antibiotics in animal feed are fast disappearing worldwide. The primary effect is antimicrobial; all digestibility and performance effects can by explained their impact on gastrointestinal microflora. Among candidate replacements organic acids, both individual acids blends several acids. Like antibiotics, short-chain also have a specific antimicrobial activity. Unlike activity pH dependent. Organic clear significant benefit weanling piglets been...

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect early feeding on development immune system in broiler chicks. A hydrated nutritional supplement formulated specifically for first 2 3 days post-hatch life provided chicks day hatch and subsequent days. content optimized achieve maximum performance at 6 wk following ad libitum consumption starter feed water. Control hatchlings received neither nor After initial treatment, all birds were fed same corn-soy diet libitum. Immune assessed...

Trace minerals such as zinc, copper, and manganese are essential cofactors for hundreds of cellular enzymes transcription factors in all animal species, thus participate a wide variety biochemical processes.Immune development response, tissue bone integrity, protection against oxidative stress, growth division just few examples.Deficiencies trace can lead to deficits any these processes, well reductions performance.As such, most diets supplemented with inorganic and/or organic forms...

Lameness is the phenotypic expression of a wide variety genetic, conformational, nutritional, toxic, and infectious conditions. Poultry selected for rapid growth are susceptible to lameness, it can be significant source mortality in heavy birds. Genetic selection has been successful providing annual improvements meat poultry productivity; however, some support systems, such as cardiovascular skeletal have not kept up with increase body mass, making birds increasingly compromise or failure...

Dietary supplementation of trace minerals with a large safety margin is common practice in the poultry industry to prevent mineral deficiency. However, oversupplementation inorganic often results poor bioavailability and low body retention, can result more than 90% dietary being excreted into environment. In this trial, litter concentrations at conclusion study had very high Ca (2.3%), P (1.7%), Cu (150 ppm), Fe (350 Mn (420 Zn ppm). It has been demonstrated that chelated are bioavailable,...

Ovaries were analyzed for somatotropin receptor protein and mRNA through use of immunohistochemistry, solution hybridization/nuclease protection, Northern blotting, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As indicated by immunoperoxidase staining, CL expressed immunoreactive (positive stain). Ovarian stroma, connective tissue, endothelium, erythrocytes did not express (negative Within the CL, was primarily in large luteal cells whereas small negative. Most follicles (1-5...

Seven hundred and twenty hatchling broilers were allotted to 12 treatment groups. Groups 1 2 fasted for 48 h posthatch; groups 3 4 followed by ad libitum access a 1% glutamine (Gln) diet; 5 6 had common 7 8 Gln diet 9 10 fed regular Oasis supplement; 11 sprayed with the first posthatch. The birds in 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, vaccinated Eimeria maxima posthatch, all orally challenged high dose E. on d 22. During wk, group highest gain feed efficiency among treatments (P < 0.01). Compared nonGln...

The purpose of this review is to set the context for a discussion improvement nutrient efficiency in poultry production through greater understanding gastrointestinal (GI) system. Much ongoing research capture directed toward better benefits nonpharmaceutical antibiotic growth promoters because approvals use nontherapeutic antibiotics animal feed are fast disappearing worldwide. Acceptable replacements these drugs being sought. Because much effect due their antimicrobial activity, has been...

The objective of this research was to identify changes in the microscopic structure gastrointestinal system which accompany growth poultry and feeding various dietary ingredients additives, including oxidized fats. This report will cover 1) early development gut effects on that 2) introduced after is relatively stable at one or more weeks age. Results demonstrate enormous organ during first week hatching as sell later life, following changes. responsive diet, diet restriction. In addition,...

AbstractThis report will cover studies of the metabolism a supplemental source L-methionine (L-met), Alimet® feed supplement. The goal these was to gain an understanding how this methionine precursor is converted and it used by chick, in order optimise conditions for its use. Alimet 2-hydroxy-4- (methylthio) butanoic acid (HMB). HMB differs from having hydroxyl group on alpha carbon rather than amino group. Like synthetic DL-met, has one asymmetrical atom therefore occurs as mixture 50%...

Leg problems and resulting mortality can exceed 1% per week in turkey toms starting at approximately 15 wk of age. Dietary supplementation organic trace minerals (MIN) 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (HyD) may improve performance, decrease incidence leg abnormalities, increase bone strength. Nicholas 85X700 were assigned to 4 treatments consisting a factorial arrangement 2 concentrations MIN (0 0.1% Mintrex PSe, which adds 40, 20, 0.3 mg/kg Zn, Mn, Cu, Se, respectively) HyD 92 μg/kg HyD). Diets...

Poultry diets are typically supplemented with DL-2-hydroxy-4(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBA, or the hydroxy analog of methionine) DL-methionine (DLM). Although HMTBA and DLM provide methionine activity, they structurally distinct molecules different physiological characteristics until converted to L-methionine. The relative rates intestinal vs. absorption have been controversial, it has claimed that is not fully absorbed. We measured uptake in an vitro everted slice model. Sections slices...

The microbial community of the gastrointestinal system has an enormous impact on vertebrate host. relationship begins at birth or hatch and evolves to a stable ecosystem in which diverse, unique, niches are created inhabited by microorganisms. These populations tend be similar within host species (and even across species), but each is unique construct resulting from its individual history mutual influence. development system, both host, perinatal animal. timing this developmental process...

Mintrex Zn, Cu, and Mn organic trace minerals contain 16% 15% 13% with 80, 78, 76% 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) by weight as the ligand, respectively. Our objective was to determine if HMTBA from fully available a Met source. In experiment 1, thirty-six broilers (7 10 d old) were orally gavaged methyl-14 C-labeled HMTBA, either free (Alimet feed supplement) or Zn bis(-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyrate) (Mintrex Zn). Radiolabel incorporation source into protein measured marker...

The study was conducted to determine effects of dietary supplementation with a blend antioxidants (ethoxyquin and propyl gallate) on carcass characteristics, meat quality, fatty acid profile in finishing pigs fed diet high oxidants. A total 100 crossbred barrows (10.9±1.4 kg BW, 36±2 d age) were randomly allotted 5 treatments (5 replicate pens per treatment, 4 pen). Treatments included: 1) HO: oxidant containing 5% oxidized soy oil 10% PUFA source which contributed 5.56% crude fat 2.05%...

An experiment was conducted to characterize a gut health challenge model consisting of diet containing rye, wheat, and feather meal mild mixed-species Eimeria challenge, evaluate the effect carbohydrase protease on growth performance young broilers. The study included 4 treatments: negative control, alone, combination protease. Each test fed 18 battery pens broilers with 8 male birds per pen from 0 22 d age. Carbohydrase improved body weight, feed intake, conversion ratio (FCR) 7, 14, 21(P <...

The goal of this study was to compare the antagonism elevated dietary Cu (250 mg/kg) from CuSO4 on three different Zn sources (ZnSO4 · H2O; [Zn bis(-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid)], Zn(HMTBa)2, a chelated methionine hydroxy analogue; and Zn-Methionine), as measured using multiple indices animal performance in ROSS 308 broilers.Three experiments were conducted broiler chicks fed semi-purified diet. All birds Zn-deficient diet (8.5 mg/kg diet) for 1 wk, then provided with experimental...

Experiments were conducted to determine effects of Santoquin (ethoxyquin) and oxidized fat on liver intestinal reduced (GSH) (GSSG) glutathione, pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) mortality. Male broilers randomly assigned in a 2 x factorial consisting 3.5% normal (NF) or (OxF) with without ethoxyquin (E). Body weights feed intake monitored weekly, tissues obtained at 3 7 wk for GSH GSSG analysis. Compared the NF group, NF/E gained more weight during starter (0 wk), but not grower (4 wk)...