Abstract All parts of a country are rarely equally affected by political violence. Yet statistical studies largely fail to address sub-national conflict dynamics. We this gap studying variations in 'routine' and 'episodic' violence between Indonesian provinces from 1990 2003. Within grievance framework, the article focuses on potential resource scarcity population pressure, as well inter-group dynamics related polarisation horizontal inequality. Demographic pressure inequality seem have...

Abstract Two phenomena have been recently utilised to explain conflict onset among rational choice analysts: greed and grievance. The former reflects elite competition over valuable natural resource rents. latter argues that relative deprivation the grievance it produces fuels conflict. Neither presence of or is sufficient for outbreak violent conflict, something which requires institutional breakdown, we describe as failure social contract. degradation contract more likely in context...

Social violence in Indonesia centres around vigilantism/popular justice and group brawls. This kind of occurs frequently and, hence, can be described as `routine'. While episodic associated with intercommunal secessionist strife gets most attention, the everyday type does not produce headlines, escaping academic scrutiny. As a result, there is no social policy to reduce other than police responses. study seeks examine socio-economic determinants `everyday' Java. The authors employ count-data...

Indonesia has witnessed explosive group violence in recent years, but unlike its plentiful economic statistics, the data on conflict are remarkably sketchy. Because New Order (1966–1998) wanted to give appearance of order and stability, it did not believe publishing reports conflict, nor allow researchers nongovernmental organizations probe patterns causes conflict. This article is based first multiyear dataset ever constructed Indonesia. Following, adapting for Indonesian conditions,...

Two phenomena have been recently utilised to explain conflict onset among rational choice analysts: greed and grievance. The former reflects elite competition over valuable natural resource rents. latter argues that relative deprivation the grievance it produces fuels conflict. Central are concepts of inter-ethnic or horizontal inequality. Identity formation is also crucial intra-state conflict, as overcomes collective action problem. Conflict can rarely be explained by alone, yet, versus...

This study examines data on regional inequality in Indonesia to help explain unrest. Analysis indicates that the New Order regime's equalization policies produced low levels of welfare by transferring wealth from resource-rich provinces poor communities one hand and Jakarta other. Many subsidizing resent this strategy which has held back their regions' development. They therefore exhibit an aspiration as they seek stop such transfer acquire greater control over own resources. Yet policy...

Utilizing a newly created data set the authors examine relationship between routine/everyday violence and fiscal decentralization in 98 districts of Indonesian island Java. By examining possible relationships routine violence, this paper fills gap literature where analysis relation is relatively scant. Routine which different from both civil war ethno-communal conflict, centres around group brawls, popular justice or vigilante violence. Despite uniform implementation decentralization,...

Economic inequality in Indonesia has been on the rise and, during 2011–2014, reached a historic high of 0.41 measured terms Gini index household consumption expenditure. Not only economically, issue rising is also socially and politically important as it may harm societal stability, especially large, diverse young democracy plagued by widespread poverty vulnerability amid expectations. This study finds empirical supports for violence increasing effects higher across districts provinces...

This paper examines the links between productivity, wages and employment in Indonesia's manufacturing sector utilizing rich datasets of National Labour Force Survey (Sakernas), Income Account Manufacturing Statistics. A decoupling trend real productivity overall is evident, but dynamics within far from homogenous. Wages are further disaggregated into large–medium (LM) cottage–small (CS) firms significant gaps LM CS found. challenges conventional wisdom negative wage elasticity with respect...

Abstract This article examines real wage-earning, productivity and earning inequality in Indonesia, focusing on differentials among provinces economic sectors. The post-1997 Asian crisis democratic Indonesia mimic the global trend of disconnection between wages productivity: labour continues to rise while wage-earning stagnates or declines. has three consequences. First, it affects income distribution as confirmed by rising overall earnings inequality. Second, explains conventional wisdom an...

[Indonesia continues to bear the scars of 1997 financial crisis, with highest open unemployment rate in Southeast Asia. The orthodox interpretation is that post-crisis era Indonesia typified by overly generous labour legislation has seen an aggressive pursuit minimum wages and other provisions. consequent rise real adversely impacted investment climate impeded employment growth formal sector. Detailed sectoral analysis reveals very little evidence a wage-driven cost squeeze on profit...

This article details the argument for economic origins of secessionist challenge posed by Indonesia's four resource-rich regions. The desire rich regions to retain their own wealth conflicts with national goal sharing social welfare equitable development across country. grievances relative deprivation and aspiration inequality were related distribution resource rent autocratic regime Suharto. Democratic transition opened up political space in which addressed grievances, pushing country edge...

This paper constructs an electoral hostility index for 282 local direct elections (PILKADA) of district heads during 2005–2007 and examines the socio-economic determinants democratic maturity in Indonesia. There are 67 PILKADAs (out 282) categorised as having medium, high or very levels hostility. The picture is dominated by hostilities directed towards commission after voting day. large sample quantitative analysis employs ordered logistic regression. results show some evidence support...

The Indonesian government has pinned its hope for reducing unemployment on higher economic growth and increased labor market flexibility, such as lowering minimum wages. estimated sectoral employment functions reveal that output rather than real wages is the major determinant of employment. Additionally, wage elasticity in manufacturing sector very low. That is, a large cut will have marginal gains employment, causing decline income. Therefore, strategy likely to increase incidence working...

Purpose The paper aims at re‐examining the notion of low and stable income inequality during high growth period Indonesia (1970s‐1990s). Design/methodology/approach Different approaches are used to reassess trend overall national level such as assets concentration functional inequality. Disaggregated district is conducted by treating municipalities centres estimated using random fixed effects models well GMM estimation. Findings Alternative measures have indicated that economic in was not it...

Utilising a newly created data set we examine the relationship between routine/everyday violence and fiscal decentralization in 98 districts of Indonesian island Java. By examining possible relationships routine violence, this paper fills gap literature where analysis relation is relatively scant. Routine which different from both civil war ethno-communal conflict, centres around group brawls, popular justice or vigilante violence. Despite uniform implementation decentralization,...