This paper presents an automated measurement of spine curvature by using prior knowledge on vertebral anatomical structures in ultrasound volume projection imaging (VPI). method can be used scoliosis assessment with free-hand 3-D imaging. It is based the extraction bony features from VPI images a newly proposed two-fold thresholding strategy, information symmetric and asymmetric measures obtained phase congruency. The spinous column profile detected segmented regions, it further to extract...

Standing radiograph with Cobb's method is routinely used to diagnose scoliosis, a medical condition defined as lateral spine curvature > 10° concordant vertebral rotation. However, radiation hazard and two-dimensional (2-D) viewing of 3-D anatomy restrict the application in scoliosis examination.In this study, freehand ultrasound system was developed for radiation-free assessment scoliosis. Bony landmarks were manually extracted from series images their spatial information recorded form...

Recently, unprecedented extreme drought has appeared around the world. As most direct signal of drought, evapotranspiration deserves a more systematic and comprehensive study. Further depicting their divergence potential (ETp) actual (ETa) will help to explore limitation evapotranspiration. In this paper, multi-source remote sensing datasets from Climate Research Unit (CRU), Gravity Recovery Experiment (GRACE) its follow-on experiment (GRACE-FO), Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS),...

A mountain city in the coastal region of Southeast China. This study elucidated effect digital elevation model (DEM) resolution on flood simulation errors and inundation depth distributions through building treatment methods river channel definition. The optimal DEM was evaluated to determine whether satisfactory could be achieved for urban flash (UFFS) fluvial overbank (FOFS). New hydrological insights region: UFFS FOFS presented opposite effects regarding extent spatial distribution with...

Background Spinal flexibility is an essential parameter for clinical decision making on the patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Various methods are proposed to assess spinal flexibility, but which assessment method more effective predict effect of orthotic treatment unclear. Objective To investigate initial in-orthosis correction, among supine, prone, sitting lateral bending and prone positions. Methods Thirty-five AIS (mean Cobb angle: 28° ± 7°; mean age: 12 2 years; Risser...

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in the hydrological cycle is one of processes that significantly affected by climate change. The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) universally recognized as a region sensitive to In this study, an area elevation curve used divide study into three zones: low (below 2800 m), medium (2800–3800 m) and high (3800–5000 m). cumulative anomaly curve, Mann–Kendall test, moving t-test Yamamoto test results show descending mutation occurred 1980s, ascending 2005. Moreover,...

Abstract River confluences and their associated tributaries are key morphodynamic nodes that play important roles in controlling hydraulic geometry hyporheic water exchange fluvial networks. However, the existing knowledge regarding with river confluence morphology is relatively scarce. On January 14 15, 2016, general morphological characteristics of confluent meander bend (CMB) between Juehe Haohe southern region Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China, were investigated. The patterns...

Applying ultrasound for scoliosis assessment has been an attractive topic over the past decade. This study proposed a new fast 3-D projection imaging method to evaluate spine deformity. A narrow-band rendering was used generate coronal images based on B-mode and their corresponding positional data. The non-planar reslicing method, which followed natural curve, project complete data into image. repeatability of tested. comparison experiment reconstructed processing time between conventional...

Ultrasound imaging as a user-friendly and radiation-free navigation scheme has been gradually applied to minimally invasive spinal surgeries. However, acquiring an interpretable ultrasound image always requires experienced sonographers, which dramatically restricts its applications. To this end, in article, self-adaptive scanning system (SAUSS) is proposed the human spine. This automatically scans back real-time displays spine structure. During scanning, our attitude-adjusting mechanism...

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is a key factor in the hydrological cycle and energy cycle. In context of rapid climate change, studying dynamic changes ET0 Tibetan Plateau (TP) great significance for water resource management Asian countries. This study uses Penman–Monteith formula to calculate daily TP subsequently Mann–Kendall (MK) test, cumulative anomaly curve, sliding t-test identify abrupt change points. Morlet wavelet analysis Hurst index based on rescaled range (R/S) are utilized...

Real-time 3D ultrasound has gained popularity in many fields because it can provide interactive feedback to help acquire high-quality images or conduct timely diagnosis. However, no comprehensive study been reported on such an imaging method for scoliosis evaluation due the complexity of this application. Meanwhile, use radiation-free assessment is becoming increasingly popular. This developed a real-time based incremental method. In vivo experiments involving 36 patients with were performed...

Scoliosis is a 3D deformity of the spine in which one or more segments curve laterally, usually with rotation vertebral body. Generally, having Cobb angle (Cobb) greater than 10° can be considered scoliosis. In imaging, reliable and accurate identification segmentation bony features are crucial for scoliosis assessment, disease diagnosis, treatment planning. Compared commonly used X-ray detection methods, ultrasound has received extensive attention from researchers past years because its...

In infrared systems, the stray radiation from optical elements and mechanical structures is an important factor affecting quantitative measurements because irradiance on detectors due to depends operating temperature of system. Without correcting for this effect, accuracy made with such systems degraded. To better understand phenomenon, we derive herein a mathematical model that describes as function use quantitatively analyze system at different temperatures. test theory, it calculate...

Channel bends are one of the most important characteristic features natural streams. These often create conditions for a hyporheic zone, which has been recognized as critical component stream ecosystems. The streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv), gradient (VHG) and Darcian flux (DF) in zone were estimated at 61 locations along channel bend Beiluo River during July 2015 January 2016. All attributes showed great spatial variability bend. Both upward fluxes downward occurred two test...

Localization of vessel Region Interest (ROI) from medical images provides an interactive approach that can assist doctors in evaluating carotid artery diseases. Accurate detection is a prerequisite for the following procedures, like wall segmentation, plaque identification and 3D reconstruction. Deep learning models such as CNN have been widely used image processing, achieve state-of-the-art performance. Faster R-CNN one most representative successful methods object detection. Using outputs...

This study proposed a new automatic measurement method of spinal curvature on ultrasound coronal images in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). After preprocessing Gaussian enhancement, the symmetric information image was extracted using phase congruency. Then bony features were segmented from soft tissues and background greyscale polarity. The morphological methods erosion top-bottom-hat transformation, geometric moment utilized to identify spinous column profile transverse processes....