The contamination of groundwater sources by pathogenic bacteria poses a public health concern to communities who depend totally on this water supply. In the present study, potentially low-cost filter materials coated with silver nanoparticles were developed for disinfection groundwater. Silver deposited zeolite, sand, fibreglass, anion and cation resin substrates in various concentrations (0.01 mM, 0.03 0.05 mM 0.1 mM) AgNO3. These characterised SEM, EDS, TEM, particle size distribution XRD...

The presence of 17 pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) belonging to various therapeutic categories was investigated in two hospital wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) North West Province, South Africa. compounds were extracted from samples by solid-phase extraction analysed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. results showed that ofloxacin, chloramphenicol, bezafibrate generally below the limit quantification (LOQ) samples. Acetaminophen ibuprofen dominant...

The main purpose of this study was to implement cost-effective household water treatment systems in every Makwane Village for the reduction diarrhoeal diseases. These were constructed with locally available materials and consisted biosand zeolite-silver impregnated granular clay filters silver-impregnated porous pot filters. During period (April 2015 September 2015), entire village had 88 households a population size 480. Prior implementation, survey conducted results revealed that 75%...

Development of biofilms occurring on the inner surface storage vessels offers a suitable medium for growth microorganisms and consequently contributes to deterioration treated drinking water quality in homes. The aim this study was determine whether two point-of-use technologies (biosand zeolite silver-impregnated clay granular (BSZ-SICG) filter porous pot (SIPP) filter) deployed rural community South Africa could inhibit formation biofilm plastic-based containers generally used by...

Abstract At least 11 per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) were more prevalent during the dry season, whereas only PFBA, L-PFBS, L-PFOS, and PFOA wet season in WWTPs. The ∑21 PFAS levels influent effluent ranged from 137 to 3327 ng/L 265–7,699 61–2,953 171–3,458 respectively. highest mean concentrations observed for (586 ng/L) L-PFBS (552 ng/L); FOET (1,399 PFNA (811 seasons, During 6:2 FTS was at concentrations, exhibiting 4,900 (66%) 2,351 (39%), 1,950 (53%) SST BNR, Principal...

The aim of this study is to assess the quality groundwater currently supplied rural communities North West Province. Groundwater samples collected from 100 boreholes in these areas were subjected culture-based methods using selective media for isolation faecal and total coliform bacteria. Molecular analysis targeting 16S rRNA gene, restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) sequence amplified gene differentiating between species strains bacteria, applied selected isolates....

Cooling and freezing can be used to produce fresh water from brackish water, industrial brines leachates wastes.The aim of this study was identify how cooling and/or for the recovery drinking sulphate rich solutions associated with various cations.It found that: (i) If solution contains only Na 2 SO 4 , after pre-treatment sodium alkalis, it removed through down 0.33 mol/L (31.7 g/L ) crystallization •10H O; (ii) solubility upon is influenced by Clconcentration; (iii) Reverse Osmosis-Cooling...

Abstract Wastewater treatment and removal of hazardous metals is imperative for the well-being living things environment. Different methods have been proposed practiced with varying success. In this study, dust slag generated by electric arc furnace utilized aluminium, barium magnesium from industrial effluent. Slag which a waste during process steel production alkaline nature. It was able to raise pH acidic effluent 8.7 removing most reducing amount commercial alkali required target 12.5....

A study aimed at designing, constructing and evaluating a cost-effective biosand filter was undertaken. The modified with the addition of zeolites (clinoptilolite). formed largest part media which comprised four layers. complete had six zones played role during filtration process. Filtration done for 3 h to mimic water in private homes. filtered collected vessel 1 after samples were taken analysis. Results indicated removal up 80 calcium, 89 magnesium, 99 iron, 56 arsenic, 54 fluorides, 96...

Phosphate is one of the major nutrients contributing to increased eutrophication lakes and natural waters. The feed water Hartbeespoort Dam amounts 650 ML/d mainly treated sewage. levels in dam need be lowered from current 0.2 mg/L less than 0.05 control eutrophication. Chemicals such as iron(III), iron(II), aluminium(III) lime can used precipitate phosphate FePO4, Fe3(PO4)2, AlPO4 Ca3(PO4)2, respectively. OLI software was identify most suitable chemical for removal. It found Ca(OH)2 this...

Pollution of water sources is a global issue that primarily affects rural communities rely on these for domestic purposes daily basis. The study’s goal was to determine if the effluent from Bushbuckridge Municipality’s Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTWs) contributes pollution Sand River Catchment. investigation conducted at two WWTWs, Dwarsloop and Thulamahashe. A questionnaire used collect information participants. samples were collected monthly treatment plant determination...

Metal pollution is one of the significant concerns affecting environment and wellbeing living things. Copper manganese are most common metal pollutants with detrimental effects on health human beings. Several methods have been proposed applied for treatment industrial effluent removal hazardous metals. One chemical precipitation. This study about application precipitation copper metals from acidic in presence large concentration other using a steel industry solid waste called Electric Arc...