Artificial intelligence (AI) is an extensive scientific discipline which enables computer systems to solve problems by emulating complex biological processes such as learning, reasoning and self-correction. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the application AI techniques for improving performance optical communication networks. The use AI-based first studied in applications related transmission, ranging from characterization operation network components monitoring, mitigation...

The recent advances in cloud services technology are fueling a plethora of information innovation, including networking, storage, and computing. Today, various flavors have evolved IoT, computing, so-called fog concept referring to capabilities edge devices users' clients compute, store, exchange data among each other with the cloud. Although rapid pace this evolution was not easily foreseeable, today piece it facilitates enables deployment what we commonly refer as smart scenario, cities,...

The rapid increase of the number mobile subscribers as well deployment 3G technologies are putting strain on backhaul operational expenditures (OPEX) which amount to 20-40% total operator's OPEX due their reliance T1/E1 copper lines. For these reasons, current systems, a term commonly used describe connectivity between base stations and radio controllers, increasingly integrating more cost-effective, packet switched technologies, especially Ethernet/Internet technologies. In addition, Wi-Fi...

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is a new paradigm, enabling service innovation through virtualization of traditional network functions located flexibly in the form Virtual Functions (VNFs). Since VNFs can only be placed onto servers networked data centers, which NFV's salient feature, traffic directed to these center areas has significant impact on load balancing. balancing even more critical for an ordered sequence VNFs, also known as Service Chains (SFCs), common cloud and approach...

Utilizing the dormant path diversity through multipath routing in Internet to reach end users-thereby fulfilling their QoS requirements-is rather logical. While offering better resource utilization, reliability, and often even much quality of experience (QoE), provisioning was shown help network data center operators achieve traffic engineering form load balancing. In this survey, we first highlight benefits basic components. We take a top-down approach review various protocols, from...

Fog computing has emerged as a promising technology that can bring the cloud applications closer to physical IoT devices at network edge. While it is widely known what is, and how data centers build infrastructure make use of this infrastructure, there no common picture on fog node, its main building block, really is. One first attempts define node was made by Cisco, qualifying system mini-cloud, located edge implemented through variety devices, interconnected variety, mostly wireless,...

Traffic prediction and utilization of past information are essential requirements for intelligent efficient management resources, especially in optical data center networks (ODCNs), which serve diverse applications. In this paper, we consider the problem traffic aggregation ODCNs by leveraging predictable or exact knowledge application-specific requirements, such as holding time, bandwidth, history, latency. As flows (e.g., long/ elephant short/mice), utilize machine learning (ML)...

The emergence of carrier grade transport technologies has led to a paradigm shift in inter-domain routing which became an important feature the layer based on optical transmission and switching. While new have capabilities provide end-to-end guaranteed quality service (QoS), lack inter-operability between different technologies, administrative areas control planes makes interdomain peering provisioning below conventional Internet Protocol (IP) challenge. In this survey, we analyze various...

Smart sensing and computing have become important concepts in the last few years, creating opportunities new sector of smart agriculture. A commercial agriculture systems been introduced to this end, albeit closed for experimentation, are paving way high-tech innovations crop livestock In paper, we focus on open low-cost fog (edge) create a farm animal welfare monitoring system. We develop an source system that enables networking edge devices but also processing data server - all being...

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging network control paradigm focused on logical centralization and programmability. At the same time, distributed routing protocols, most notably OSPF IS-IS, are still prevalent in IP networks, as they provide shortest path routing, fast topological convergence after failures, and, perhaps importantly, confidence based decades of reliable operation. Therefore, a hybrid SDN/OSPF operation remains desirable proposition. In this paper, we propose new...

In this paper, we analyze the question of network migration to Software Defined Networking (SDN) from perspective Traffic Engineering (TE). For a given topology and planning horizon, ask which routers in IP should migrate SDN-enabled operation reduce need for capacity upgrades over time horizon. We propose an algorithm determine optimum schedule node substitution within network, shows that already few SDN routers, when strategically located, provide stably large number path alternatives be...

Elastic optical networks are prone to spectrum fragmentation, resulting in poor resource utilization and often higher blocking probability. To overcome the a defragmentation (DF) of can be applied by reconfiguring some or all active connections. However, reconfiguration is generally not desirable, as it interrupt services existing In this paper, we propose two novel connection schemes efficiently address DF: (i) reactive–disruptive scheme (ii) proactive–non-disruptive scheme. Both utilize...

Hybrid IP networks that use both control paradigms - distributed and centralized promise the best of two worlds: programmability agility SDN, reliability fault tolerance routing protocols like OSPF. The common approaches follow a division labor concept, where SDN controls prioritized traffic OSPF assures care-free operation effort traffic. We propose Partitioning, which establishes over protocol by partitioning topology into sub-domains with SDN-enabled border nodes, such OSPF's updates have...

The ever increasing challenges introduced by the diversity of current and envisioned network technologies IT infrastructure draw a highly distributed heterogeneous topology where innovative services must be optimally deployed to guarantee maximum level quality for users. Indeed, paradigms such as cloud continuum, bringing together edge computing, along with new opportunities coming out considering non-terrestrial networks connecting future 6G ecosystems, all no doubt facilitate development...

Elastic optical path networks have been proposed as a promising approach to flexibly use the spectrum (hence name flexi-grid) thus overcoming rigidness of traditional WDM where channel spacing is equidistant irrespectively type signal transmitted. Past research effort in allocation focused on single transmission paths with uniform modulation format network. However, by using OFDM technologies, flexi-grid can benefit from multipath routing parallel that uses flexible assignment. In this...

In current Data Center Networks (DCNs), Equal- Cost MultiPath (ECMP) is used as the de-facto routing protocol. However, ECMP does not differentiate between short and long flows, two main categories of flows depending on their duration (lifetime). This issue causes hot-spots in network, affecting negatively Flow Completion Time (FCT) throughput, key performance metrics data center networks. Previous work load balancing proposed solutions such splitting into using per-packet forwarding...

In this paper, we study end-to-end service reliability in Data Center Networks (DCN) with flow and Service Function Chains (SFCs) parallelism. our approach, consider large flows to i) be split into multiple parallel smaller sub-flows; ii) SFC along their VNFs are replicated at least as many VNF instances there sub-flows, resulting sub-SFCs; iii) all sub-flows distributed over shortest paths processed by sub-SFCs. We a function of parallelism placement active backup sub-SFCs within DCN. Based...