Abstract Enzyme catalysts are an integral part of green chemistry strategies towards a more sustainable and resource-efficient chemical synthesis. However, the use biocatalysed reactions in retrosynthetic planning clashes with difficulties predicting enzymatic activity on unreported substrates enzyme-specific stereo- regioselectivity. As now, only rule-based systems support using biocatalysis, while initial data-driven approaches limited to forward predictions. Here, we extend reaction as...

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that injection of momentum in a region surrounding an object microscale flow can yield both "cloaking" conditions, where the field outside cloaking is unaffected by object, "shielding" hydrodynamic forces on are eliminated. Using field-effect electro-osmosis as mechanism for momentum, we present theoretical framework analytical solutions range geometrical shapes, validate these numerically experimentally, ability to dynamically switch between...

The increasing global energy demand and the transition toward a more sustainable system necessitate integration of renewable sources, emphasizing need for effective storage systems. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are particularly suitable due to their efficiency unique ability decouple power density. However, widespread adoption is hindered by high costs ion-selective membranes vanadium-based electrolytes currently used in commercial vanadium RFBs. This study analyzes an alternative...

Porous silicon (PSi) nanomaterials have been widely studied as label-free optical biosensors for protein detection. However, these biosensors' performance, specifically in terms of their sensitivity (which is typically the micromolar range), insufficient many applications. Herein, we present a proof-of-concept application electrokinetic isotachophoresis (ITP) technique real-time preconcentration target on PSi biosensor. With ITP, highly concentrated zone delivered to sensing area, where...

In the absence of amplification methods for proteins, immune-detection low-abundance proteins using antibodies is fundamentally limited by binding kinetic rates. Here, we present a new class surface-based immunoassays in which protein-antibody reaction accelerated isotachophoresis (ITP). We demonstrate use ITP to preconcentrate and deliver target surface decorated with specific antibodies, where effective utilization focused sample achieved modulating driving electric field (stop-and-diffuse...

The ability to move fluids at the microscale is core of many scientific and technological advancements. Despite its importance, flow control remains highly limited by use discrete channels mechanical valves, relies on fixed geometries. Here we present an alternative mechanism that leverages localized field-effect electroosmosis create dynamic patterns, allowing fluid manipulation without physical walls. We a set gate electrodes embedded in floor fluidic chamber using ac voltage sync with...

We experimentally demonstrate the phenomenon of electroosmotic dipole flow that occurs around a localized surface charge region under application an external electric field in Hele-Shaw cell. use deposition polyelectrolytes to create well-controlled variations, and show for disk-shaped spot, internal pressure distribution arises, results uniform within spot it. further superposition spots complex patterns, without physical walls.

Abstract The ability to control high-voltage actuator arrays relies, date, on expensive microelectronic processes or individual wiring of each a single off-chip switch. Here we present an alternative approach that uses on-chip photoconductive switches together with light projection system individually address actuators. Each is connected one more are nominally OFF unless turned ON using direct illumination. We selected hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) as our material, and provide...

Abstract We present a theoretical model and experimental demonstration of thin liquid film deformations due to dielectric force distribution established by surface electrodes. the spatial electric field produced pair parallel electrodes use it evaluate stress on liquid–air interface through Maxwell stresses. By coupling this with Young–Laplace equation, we obtain deformation interface. To validate our theory, design an set-up which uses microfabricated achieve dielectrophoretic actuation...

We present a new concept for on-chip separation that leverages bidirectional flow, to tune the dispersion regime of molecules and particles. The system can be configured so low diffusivity species experience ballistic transport are advected through chamber, whereas high diffusion dominated with zero average velocity retained in chamber. detail means achieving electroosmotic flow using an array alternating current (AC) field-effect electrodes, experimentally demonstrate particles antibodies...

The generation of fluid flows by autophoretic microswimmers has been proposed as a mechanism to enhance mass transport and mixing at the micro- nanoscale. Here, we experimentally investigate ability model 2D active baths photocatalytic silica-titania Janus microspheres diffusivity tracer particles different microswimmer densities below onset collective behavior. Inspired similarities between our experimental findings previous results for biological microorganisms, then using general squirmer...

Enzyme catalysts are an integral part of green chemistry strategies towards a more sustainable and resource-efficient chemical synthesis. However, the use enzymes on unreported substrates their specific stereo- regioselectivity domain-specific knowledge factors that require decades field experience to master. This makes retrosynthesis given targets with biocatalysed reactions significant challenge. Here, we molecular transformer architecture capture latent about enzymatic activity from large...

Enzyme catalysts are an integral part of green chemistry strategies towards a more sustainable and resource-efficient chemical synthesis. However, the use enzymes on unreported substrates their specific stereo- regioselectivity domain-specific knowledge factors that require decades field experience to master. This makes retrosynthesis given targets with biocatalysed reactions significant challenge. Here, we molecular transformer architecture capture latent about enzymatic activity from large...

The ability to control the location of nanoscale objects in liquids is essential for fundamental and applied research from nanofluidics molecular biology. To overcome their random Brownian motion, electrostatic fluid trap creates local minima potential energy by shaping interactions with a tailored wall topography. However, this strategy inherently static; once fabricated, wells cannot be modulated. Here, we propose experimentally demonstrate that such can controlled through buried gate...

We present a novel method that allows establishing desired flow patterns in Hele-Shaw cell, solely by controlling the surface chemistry, without use of physical walls. Using weak electrolytes, we locally pattern chamber's ceiling and/or floor, thus defining spatial distribution charge. This translates to non-uniform electric double layer which when subjected an external field applied along chamber, gives rise electroosmotic (EOF). theory prediction and design such flows fields, as well...

Abstract We present a new concept for on‐chip separation that leverages bidirectional flow, to tune the dispersion regime of molecules and particles. The system can be configured so low diffusivity species experience ballistic transport are advected through chamber, whereas high diffusion dominated with zero average velocity retained in chamber. detail means achieving electroosmotic flow using an array alternating current (AC) field‐effect electrodes, experimentally demonstrate particles...

We present a microfluidic device for selective separation and extraction of molecules based on their diffusivity. The relies electroosmotically driven bidirectional flows in which high-diffusivity species experience net-zero velocity lower diffusivity are advected to collection reservoir. can operate continuously is suitable processing low sample volumes. Using several model systems, we show that the efficiency system maintained at more than 90% over tens minutes with purity 99%. demonstrate...

The ability to control the location of nanoscale objects in liquids is essential for fundamental and applied research from nanofluidics molecular biology. To overcome their random Brownian motion, electrostatic fluidic trap creates local minima potential energy by shaping interactions with a tailored wall topography. However, this strategy inherently static -- once fabricated wells cannot be modulated. Here, we propose experimentally demonstrate that such can controlled through buried gate...

The generation of fluid flows by autophoretic microswimmers has been proposed as a mechanism to enhance mass transport and mixing at the micro- nanoscale. Here, we experimentally investigate ability model 2-D "active baths" photocatalytic silica-titania Janus microspheres diffusivity tracer particles different microswimmer densities below onset collective behaviour. Inspired similarities between our experimental findings previous results for biological microorganisms, then using general...

We present a new method that leverages hydrodynamic flow confinement to achieve both mechanical milling of micro-channels and patterning biological molecules in single process. demonstrate applicability the through microchannel polystyrene substrate dichloromethane, followed by streptavidin desired spots along channel. This work is first step toward our goal achieving fully bio-integrated prototyping.

Abstract This paper presents a device (“fluidic biomill”) and method for integrated mechanical structuring biofunctionalization of microfluidic channels, enabling rapid prototyping biochips. The fluidic biomill leverages hydrodynamic flow confinements (HFCs) to localize the interaction between fluid substrate microscale region. By confining organic solvents, scanning with over surface, microchannels as deep 90 µm are fluidically milled. Subsequently, by switching confined from milling...

The ability to control high-voltage actuator arrays relies, date, on expensive microelectronic processes or individual wiring of each a single off-chip switch. Here we present an alternative approach that uses on-chip photoconductive switches together with light projection system individually address actuators. Each is connected one more are nominally OFF unless turned ON using direct illumination. We selected hydrogenated amorphous silicon as our material, and provide complete...