A5103240698- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Shoulder and Clavicle Injuries
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- CAR-T cell therapy research
- Census and Population Estimation
- Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
- Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
- Peripheral Artery Disease Management
- African Education and Politics
- Geographic Information Systems Studies
- Soft tissue tumors and treatment
- Geography Education and Pedagogy
- Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
- Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics
- Immune Response and Inflammation
University of Alabama at Birmingham
2002-2019
Nationwide Children's Hospital
2008-2013
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
2012
James Cook University Hospital
2009
Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology
2005
To evaluate the impact of sustained viral loads on anti-viral T cell responses we compared that cleared acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection with those were elicited but could not resolve chronic infection. During infection, as replicating was cleared, CD8 down-regulated, and a pool resting memory cells developed. In chronically infected hosts, failure to control associated pronounced prolonged activation virus-specific cells. Nevertheless, there progressive diminution their...
Abstract The acute phase of many viral infections is associated with the induction a pronounced CD8 T cell response which plays principle role in clearing infection. By contrast, certain are not as readily controlled. In this study, we have used well-defined system lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection mice to determine quantitative and qualitative changes virus-specific responses that rapidly resolve infections, more slowly control protracted or fail clear chronic infections....
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) persistence is facilitated by exhaustion of CD8+ T cells that express the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). Blockade PD-1 signaling improves in vitro proliferation HCV-specific lymphocytes, but whether antiviral function can be restored infected individuals unknown. To address this question, chimpanzees with persistent HCV infection were treated anti–PD-1 antibodies. A significant reduction viremia was observed one three animals without apparent...
IL-6–mediated inhibition of CD122 allows T FH cells to receive TCR signaling without initiating an inhibitory TCR/IL-2 loop (see the related Focus by Zhou and Yu )..
Abstract In this report we have inspected whether difficulties in controlling viral infections negatively impacts the generation of CD127high memory T cells. Using both MHC class I and II tetramers reveal that CD127low cells are not necessarily rapidly deleted but can persist a pseudoeffector state which they display hallmarks activated effector functionally inferior. can, however, emerge if infection is contained. We also show absence CD4 cell help significant populations CD8 fail to...
Abstract We have investigated the contribution of CD4 T cells to optimal priming functionally robust memory CD8 cell subsets. Intranasal infection cell-deficient (CD4−/−) mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus resulted in elaboration virus-specific responses that cleared infection. However, by comparison normal mice, CD4−/− were quantitatively and qualitatively different. In are CD44high, many CD122high, a majority these regain expression CD62L overtime. These produce IFN-γ TNF-α,...
Immune escape driven by selection pressure from virus-specific CD8 T cells has been demonstrated in both chimpanzees and humans infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Although mutations have also characterized major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II–restricted HCV epitopes, it is unknown whether selection-driven immune CD4 cell epitopes a significant factor failure of these responses or contributes to persistent infection. To address this issue, evolution MHC I– was compared four...
Limited frequencies of T cells express IL-2 in primary antigenic responses, despite activation marker expression and proliferation by most clonal members. To define the basis for restricted expression, a videomicroscopic system reporter transgenic model were used to characterize dendritic cell (DC)-T interactions. destined produce required prolonged interactions with DCs, whereas established only transient DCs activated, but did not IL-2. Extended conjugation was always sufficient initiate...
The inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) is present on CD8(+) T cells in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), but expression patterns spontaneously resolving infections are incompletely characterized. Here we report that PD-1 was usually absent memory from chimpanzees with resolved infections, sustained low-level sometimes observed the absence of apparent replication. PD-1-positive expanded and displayed antiviral activity upon reinfection HCV, indicating conserved function. This animal...
In this study we investigate the attributes of virus-specific memory CD8 T cells which most effectively control secondary infections. By rechallenging mice that had cleared primary lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections, revealed response is remarkably swift. Within 6 h following infection, production gamma interferon becomes detectable directly ex vivo. During protective phase response, a very early elaboration effector activities preferentially exhibited by specific for viral NP396...
The quality improvement framework for major amputation was developed with the aim of improving outcomes and reducing perioperartive mortality to less than 5% by 2015. study assess our compliance guidelines look reasons non-compliance.All amputations performed between 2008 2010 were included. following data collected: presence infection ± tissue loss, status arterial supply, revascularisation attempts, time surgery, type amputation, morbidity mortality.A total 81 patients included (42 BKAs,...
Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8+ T cells persist in the chronically infected liver but provide no apparent control of replication. Epitopes targeted by some these contain escape mutations while others remain intact. Studies acutely humans suggest that circulating targeting intact epitopes express more PD-1, a molecule associated with loss effector function. Whether this is true persistently unknown. or mutated were visualized using tetramers chimpanzees. Unexpectedly, there was...
Abstract IL-2 promotes FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cell responses, but inhibits the differentiation of follicular helper (Tfh) cells. However, it is not clear how affects (Tfr) cells, a type with properties both Treg and Tfh Here we show that prevents, rather than promotes, development Tfr Using an influenza infection model, found cells were barely detectable at peak infection, accumulated as immune response resolved. High levels promoted expression Blimp-1 in which suppressed Bcl6 thereby...
Abstract T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a specialized subset of CD4+ that aide in the production high-affinity antibody (Ab) responses. In absence Tfh cells, there is impairment generation protective Ab responses to pathogens. autoimmune patients, however, expansion unwanted self-reactive favor auto-Ab and subsequent Ab-mediated pathology. Thus, understanding factors regulate critical for developing more efficient vaccination strategies designing new therapeutic approaches prevent...
THE PURPOSE of this lesson is twofold: The first to develop a concept historical perspective. Our view the past continually expanding and evolving one, in part because it tendency all societies judge events through their own contemporary standards. While present may stimulate avenues investigation that are new, essential, nonetheless, students understand must be viewed on its terms. second objective an appreciation what necessary order for evidence credible. Both kind amount material...
TEXTBOOKS, in an effort to enlighten students, commonly provide various assorted tables on such topics as population growth, immigration, military forces, and other census findings. Because of dissimilarities between past present, these numbers are often difficult compare, interpret, or put historical perspective. The purpose this article is show how ratios can be used by teachers convert statistics equivalent comparable values helping students better understand the contemporary implications...