Summary Geographical variation in the interacting traits of plant–pollinator mutualism can lead to local adaptive differentiation. We tested Darwin's hypothesis reciprocal selection as a key driving force for evolution floral an alpine ginger ( Roscoea purpurea ) and proboscis length tabanid fly Philoliche longirostris ). documented pattern trait R. P. across five populations. At each site, we quantified pollinator‐mediated on display area, inflorescence height corolla by comparing gradients...

Environmental stress at high altitudes drives the development of distinct adaptive mechanisms in plants. However, studies exploring genetic high-altitude plant species are scarce. In present study, we explored plants Himalayas through whole-genome resequencing. We studied two widespread members Himalayan endemic alpine genus Roscoea (Zingiberaceae): R. alpina (a selfing species) and purpurea (an outcrossing species). These distributed widely with non-overlapping altitude distributions; is...

Mutualism between long corolla tubed plants and their potential pollinators, long-tongued flies, is a classic example of coevolution, but to date, has only been reported from the regions southern Africa. Many plant species Himalayas also show botanical characteristics that could be consistent with pollination by flies. Here, we seek evidence "long-tongued-long fly/flower" mutualism out Africa, in different continent climatic region, Himalayas.Floral traits Himalayan region endemic alpine...

Multiple barriers may contribute to reproductive isolation between closely related species. Understanding the relative strength of these can illuminate ecological factors that currently maintain species integrity and how originally promoted speciation. Two Himalayan alpine gingers, Roscoea purpurea R. tumjensis, occur sympatrically in central Nepal have such similar morphology it is not clear whether or they a distinct identity. Our quantitative measurements components show are, fact,...

The Himalayan endemic alpine genus Roscoea, like other members of ginger family, exhibits the combination floral traits that would fit pollination by long distant foragers such as bees, birds or flies. We studied biology Roscoea alpina, observed potential visitors and determined their foraging behaviour, visitation frequency efficiency, to seek evidence in support syndrome hypothesis. also measured spectra R. alpina flowers evaluate if signals with currently known framework for visitors....

Abstract The pollination syndromes have been widely used to predict effective pollinators of plant species and provide the mechanistic explanation floral diversity. However, in recent years, predictive applicability has frequently questioned. accuracy among closely related may vary temporally spatially. This suggests need for standardized, comprehensive evaluation factors influencing matching a syndrome predominant pollinator community. We studied biology three geographically/phenologically...

There is currently enormous interest in how morphological and physiological responses of herbaceous plants may be affected by changing elevational gradient. Mountain regions provide an excellent opportunity to understand closely related species adapt the conditions that rapidly change with elevation. We investigated two Himalayan alpine gingers ( Roscoea alpina R. purpurea ) along different vertical transects 400 m, between 2,174–2,574 m a.s.l 2,675–3,079 a.s.l. measured variables plant...

Water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) invasion is a growing global issue which poses threat to aquatic life. As in the context, water increasing rapidly lakes of Pokhara valley listed Ramsar sites. Its effect on life little known. This study examined effects diversity and abundance fishes Valley. We estimated seasonal fish presence (HP) absence (HA) habitats between 2019 2020. The found that has negative impact Twenty species were recorded, with family Cyprinidae being most abundant. Fish...

Plants with specialised pollination systems may be susceptible to reduced fertility if they are incapable of autonomous self-pollination and visited infrequently by pollinators capable promoting effective cross-pollination. Here, we investigate this question examining the reproductive ecology Cape endemic Cyanella alba subsp. flavescens (Tecophilaeaceae), which has mirror-image flowers (enantiostyly) dimorphic anthers (heteranthery). These traits usually associated buzz mediated bees that...

Ecological study of a plant species provides valuable insight on the current status and potential future threats species. In this study, we assessed ecological medicinal orchid, Satyrium nepalense in pasture land distributed between elevations 2600-3200 m asl. We then threat orchid based standards set by world conservation union (IUCN) red list categories criteria version 12. Our result revealed that preferably grows south facing open meadow. found present condition, population S. did not...

Satyrium nepalense is a terrestrial medicinal orchid of the Himalayas. Although, ecology and uses this well known, little known about its reproductive mechanism. In study, we explored natural history biology S. tested their potential spatial variation. We observed floral visitors fruit set at two populations. found that, despite presence outcrossing features, did not receive any diurnal visitors. The was very high (>90.0%) both sites, suggesting possibility autonomous selfing. This...

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Assessing altitudinal variation in the reproductive outputs of a plant species provides important insights into adaptation plants towards stressful environmental conditions. However, such studies are yet meager, particularly with reference to Nepalese plants. In this study, we assessed performance Piptanthus nepalensis along elevation gradient central Nepal. We considered ovule production, seed production per fruit, set proportion, ovule/seed abortion and individual mass as various proxies...

Morphological variation of leaf pattern is very common in flowering plants to non-flowering that were used differentiate the species genus level. In this study, we morphology as key characters separate Nepalese Taraxacum. Samples collected from different parts Nepal and herbarium specimen observed find between Our study shows presence two distinct group Taxa one characterized by with double margin (e.g. Taraxacum eriopodum along 3 other species) another single tibetanum 5 species).

Floral organs are widely believed to enhance the pollination and reproductive success of angiosperms. However, functional implication some floral structures is still unknown. In this study, we explored role staminal appendages on male female Himalayan Roscoea spp. tested if their function differed between species with biotic autonomous selfing. Phenotypic manipulation a powerful approach test effect particular trait plant fitness. We compared various proxies intact flowers manually excised...