Meloxicam is a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in veterinary medicine, but its use amphibians has not been reported the literature. NSAIDs are known to act by providing and analgesic actions inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The objective this study was evaluate whether intramuscular administration meloxicam would decrease circulating serum PGE2 levels North American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) following tissue trauma induced punch biopsy. Eighteen...

Microplastic (particle size <5 mm) is considered an emerging threat to the marine environment, yet data are limited for coastal ecosystems. To provide information related microplastic in a system, we used alkaline tissue digestion and Raman spectroscopy quantify prevalence composition (e.g. fiber, fragment, foam, etc.) of anthropogenic microparticles digestive tracts northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax, anchovy, n = 24), common murres (Uria aalge, murre, 19) from Monterey Bay, California...

This study evaluated the use of injectable anesthetic, alphaxalone, as a single agent and in combination with ketamine, xylazine, morphine Chilean rose tarantula, Grammostola rosea. Between two four animals were for each anesthetic protocol, unanesthetized comparative purposes. Anesthetic duration, depth, quality assessed by scoring responses to tactile trichobothria stimulation, muscle tone, purposeful movement, righting response, heart rate throughout event. Alphaxalone administered into...

Despite the occurrence of clinical disease in a wide range carnivore hosts, only vague accounts canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) any otter species have been reported literature. Over course 25 days, nine Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinerea) presented for evaluation inappetence, lethargy, vomiting, and diarrhea. A diagnosis 2c was made based on electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing group fecal samples. Supportive care provided individual assessment included...

CASE DESCRIPTION A 22-year-old male gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) housed in a zoo was evaluated for signs of lethargy, head-holding, and cervical stiffness followed by development neurologic abnormalities including depression, lip droop, tremors. CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination under general anesthesia revealed tooth root abscess suboptimal body condition. CBC serum biochemical analysis mild anemia, neutrophilia eosinopenia consistent with stress leukogram, dehydration. Subsequent CSF...

Live-stranded pinnipeds often present to rehabilitation centers systemically debilitated with dehydration and poor perfusion. In many terrestrial mammals, blood lactate elevation has been correlated global tissue hypoxia decreased circulating volume. Serial measurements in companion animals humans have used guide fluid resuscitation therapy evaluate prognosis. The primary objective of this study was the prognostic value serial levels live-stranded a setting. secondary objectives were use...

Mimicking natural anuran biology is a major challenge faced in the husbandry management of frogs, and quandary lipid keratopathy frogs under human care has plagued keepers practitioners for decades. Unlike corneal dystrophy or lipidosis secondary to degeneration, where there limited no vascular in-growth inflammatory response, keratopathies are associated with vascularization, most often following appearance lipid. Hemorrhage from stromal neovascularization not been described frog; however,...

A recently characterized fungal pathogen, Emydomyces testavorans, has been associated with ulcerative shell disease and significant morbidity in Western pond turtles. Voriconazole is a second-generation triazole antifungal medication that prevents growth through disruption of ergosterol synthesis, causing abnormalities the cell membrane. Preliminary reports minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) indicate voriconazole effective vitro against E. testavorans. Ultraperformance liquid...

Abstract A climbing mantella frog ( Mantella laevigata ) was presented with nodular thickened skin. Histological examination revealed dermal nodules composed of differentiated bone consistent miliary osteoma cutis, a non‐neoplastic condition where is abnormally deposited within the This first report idiopathic cutis in an amphibian.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To assess the pharmacokinetics and sedative effects of a single administration oral gabapentin in African cheetahs ( Acinonyx jubatus ) at 2 different dosages. METHODS Adult (n = 16) located 3 zoological institutions were prospectively enrolled to receive doses administered dosages (10 mg/kg 20 mg/kg). Venipuncture was performed under behavioral restraint predetermined time points over 24-hour period using sparse sampling model. Plasma concentrations determined...

A 32-year-old adult captive male bateleur eagle (Terathopius ecaudatus) with a history of laxity, degenerative joint disease, and varus deviation the distal left hindlimb for several years was presented evaluation lameness diagnosed chronic subluxation intertarsal joint. After failing to improve conservative management pain medication, surgical stabilization performed using novel application braided suture titanium button system. Unsatisfactory clinical improvement postsurgical reevaluation...

A 6-month-old red wolf ( Canis rufus ) pup presented for evaluation of progressive thoracic and pelvic limb lameness, joint swelling, decreased body condition. Radiographic revealed medullary sclerosis centered at the metaphyses multiple long bones, well-defined irregular periosteal proliferation, ill-defined lucent zones paralleling physes, consistent with hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD). Biopsies affected bone fibrosis new formation. The improved following treatment nonsteroidal...

The roster of amdoparvoviruses (APVs) in small carnivores is growing rapidly, but most cases, the consequences infection are poorly understood. Red panda amdoparvovirus (RPAV) highly prevalent zoo-housed red pandas and has been detected both healthy sick animals. Clarifying clinical impact RPAV this endangered species critical, zoological collections offer a unique opportunity to examine viral disease association carefully managed populations. We evaluated potential captive with combination...

A 10-year-old male castrated red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) presented with mandibular swelling. Examination findings included pitting edema no dental disease evident on examination or radiographs. The results of blood work were moderate azotemia, hypoalbuminemia, and severely elevated urine protein:creatinine ratio (9.9). Radiographs showed an interstitial pattern the caudal right lung, abdominal ultrasound demonstrated scant effusion. Symptomatic empirical therapy antibiotics,...

Xanthomas are localized lipid deposits in organs with associated granulomatous inflammation. Xanthomatosis is a rare condition both human and veterinary medicine often linked to inherited or acquired dyslipidemias. Three female yellow-footed rock wallabies (Petrogale xanthopus) at single institution were diagnosed via biopsy cutaneous xanthomas secondary hypertriglyceridemia hypercholesterolemia, an additional two second institution. All cases presented masses the haired skin paw pad...

Abstract An 8‐year‐old female pre‐metamorphic axolotl ( Ambystoma mexicanum ) was examined for a suspected anterior lens luxation. Slit‐lamp biomicroscopy revealed two lens‐like structures in the chamber of right eye (OD), each with cataractous change. Ultrasound and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed without sedation, small lenticular distinct nuclei cortices. Although connection could not be definitively ruled out, appeared separate. Each closely associated its respective...

Keywords: Bycanistes buccinatortrumpeter hornbillcasqueinfectionEnterobacter aerogenesCitrobacter freundiirepneumatizationsinusotomy

Habitat preservation and management may play an important role in the conservation of Puerto Rican crested toad, Peltophryne lemur, due to this species' small geographic range declining native wild population. Bioavailable water concentrations Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminants within breeding pools at 3 sites were established using Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A more diverse population PAH analytes found higher site that...

The motion of wing joints is a critical factor for successful flight in avian patients, but little information available about goniometry birds. Elbow and carpus flexed extended positions from 10 orthopedically normal wings 6 adult wild barred owls (Strix varia) were evaluated with the animals under general anesthesia using modified universal plastic goniometer an electrogoniometer. These measurements compared to those obtained radiographic assessment. Intra- interobserver reliability was...