Nucleotide sequence analysis of ORF1 from the integron on broad-host-range plasmid R751 revealed that first 94 110 codons are identical to ORF4, an open reading frame 3' conserved segment other integrons found in gram-negative bacteria, after which point they diverged completely. The predicted products both and ORF4 share homology with multidrug exporter QacC. Phenotypic specifies a resistance profile antiseptics disinfectants almost qacC, whereas much lower levels these compounds. whose...

Integrons confer on bacterial plasmids a capability of taking up antibiotic resistance genes by integrase-mediated recombination. We show here that integrons are situated genetic elements flanked 25-bp inverted repeats. The element carrying the integron R751 has three segments conserved with similar in Tn21 and Tn5086. Several characteristics suggest this is transposon, which we call Tn5090. Tn5090 was shown to contain an operon open reading frames, two, tniA tniB, were predicted amino acid...

Prompt and effective malaria diagnosis not only alleviates individual suffering, but also decreases transmission at the community level. The commonly used diagnostic methods, microscopy rapid tests, are usually insensitive very low-density parasitaemia. Molecular techniques, on other hand, allow detection of low-level, sub-microscopic This study aimed to explore presence Plasmodium falciparum infections using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR-based parasite prevalence was compared against...

Deletions in Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 2( pfhrp 2) gene threaten the usefulness of most widely used HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) that cross react with its structural homologue, Pf HRP3. Parasites deleted 2/3 genes remain undetected and untreated due to ‘false-negative’ RDT results. As Ethiopia recently launched elimination by 2030 certain selected areas, availability RDTs scale their use have rapidly increased recent years. Thus, it is important...

The nucleotide sequence of the type II sulfonamide resistance dihydropteroate synthase (sulII) gene was determined. molecular weight determined by maxicells 30,000, and predicted for polypeptide 28,469. Comparison with sulI encoded Tn21 showed 57% DNA similarity. sulII-encoded has 138 271 amino acids in common sulI. sulII is located on various IncQ (broad-host-range) plasmids other small nonconjugative plasmids. Detailed restriction maps were constructed to compare different which found....

In contrast to what has been observed for many other antibiotic resistance mechanisms, there are only two known genes encoding plasmid-borne sulfonamide resistance. Both genes, sulI and sulII, encode a drug-resistant dihydropteroate synthase enzyme. members of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from several worldwide sources, plasmid-mediated sulfonamides could be identified by colony hybridization as being encoded sulI, or both. The gene was in all cases found located newly defined,...

The presence of asymptomatic infections has serious implications for malaria elimination campaigns. Since carriers do not seek treatment their infection and may become gametocyte carriers, they undoubtedly contribute to the persistence transmission in a population. parasitemias was noted areas with seasonal transmission. In Ethiopia there is paucity data regarding prevalence carriage. This study undertaken assess Plasmodium falciparum vivax south-central Oromia, Ethiopia. A total 1094...

Abstract Background Sepsis due to multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is a growing public health problem mainly in low-income countries. Methods A multicenter study was conducted between October 2019 and September 2020 at four hospitals located central (Tikur Anbessa Yekatit 12), southern (Hawassa) northern (Dessie) parts of Ethiopia. total 1416 patients clinically investigated for sepsis were enrolled. The number from Tikur Anbessa, 12, Dessie Hawassa hospital 501, 298, 301 316,...

Sulfonamide resistance in Neisseria meningitidis is mediated by altered forms of the chromosomal gene for drug target enzyme dihydropteroate synthase. Sulfonamides have been used decades both prophylaxis and treatment meningococcal disease, common. Two types determinants identified, regions important insusceptibility to corresponding defined site-directed mutagenesis. Both traits spread among strains N. different serogroups serotypes, large differences at nucleotide level a comparison genes...

The nucleotide sequences of the chromosomal dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) genes in sulfonamide-susceptible and sulfonamide-resistant strains Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B C were determined. molecular weights amino acid showed similarity to those all other known polypeptides. Sequence comparison N. dhps indicated horizontal transfer DNA segments rather than point mutations as cause for resistance meningococci. three four meningococci contained identical central regions 424 bp....

Previously, the effects of three point mutations (at amino acid positions 31, 84, and 194) in gene coding for a sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthase Neisseria meningitidis were analyzed by site-directed mutagenesis. Changes at 31 194 abolished phenotypic expression sulfonamide resistance, while change position 84 appeared to be neutral. These studies are here extended correlate alterations phenotype with on enzyme kinetics expressing cloned meningococcal genes an Escherichia coli...

ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen in India, and up to 70% methicillin resistance has been reported from hospitals various parts of India. Hospitals use phenotyping for the most part, molecular genotyping not done. Here we report on 82 single-patient isolates two Bangalore, South first time. Most strains possessed type III or IIIA staphylococcal cassette chromosome ( SCCmec ) cassettes, did detect with I, IA, II cassettes. also...

Among spontaneous mutants of Escherichia coli selected for resistance against sulfonamides, thermosensitive strains were found. These shown to possess a changed dihydropteroate synthase (EC 2.5.1.15), which had substantially higher Km value its normal substrate, p-aminobenzoic acid, and an about 150-fold sulfonamides. The mutationally was found be by in vitro assays. thermosensitivity used as enzyme marker demonstrate the complex formation between 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-pyrophosphorylmethyl...

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae are public health threats. This study aims to characterize ESBL isolated from sepsis patients. A multicenter was conducted at four hospitals located in central (Tikur Anbessa Yekatit 12), southern (Hawassa) northern (Dessie) parts of Ethiopia. Blood culture performed among 1416 (n = 301) were confirmed using MALDI-TOF subjected for whole genome sequencing the Illumina (HiSeq 2500) system. The overall genotypic...

Abstract Background Globally, surgical site infections (SSI) are the most commonly reported healthcare-associated infections. Methods A multicentre study was conducted among patients who underwent procedures at four hospitals located in Northern (Debre Tabor), Southern (Hawassa), Southwest (Jimma), and Central (Tikur Anbessa) parts of Ethiopia. total 752 clinically studied for infection were enrolled. The number from Debre Tabor, Hawassa, Jimma, Tikur Anbessa, 172, 184, 193, 203,...

of the government's ambitious agenda for modernisation are likely.

Sulfonamide resistance in recent isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes was found to be associated with alterations the chromosomally encoded dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS). There were 111 different nucleotides (13.8%) genes susceptible and resistant isolates, respectively, resulting 30 amino acid changes (11.3%). These substantial suggested possibility a foreign origin gene, parallel what has already been for sulfonamide Neisseria meningitidis. The gene encoding DHPS linked at least three...

Plasmid-borne resistance to sulfonamides was studied in both newly isolated and earlier characterized R plasmids. Two different classes of drug-resistant dihydropteroate synthases were found be responsible for most cases plasmid-mediated sulfonamide resistance. The plasmid-coded enzymes could completely separated from their chromosomal counterpart also showed differences heat stability molecular size. resistant bind the normal substrate, p-aminobenzoic acid, with equal efficiency. In...

As a result of extensive chloroquine resistance (CQR) in Plasmodium falciparum late 1990s, Ethiopia replaced CQ with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as first-line drug, which turn was by artemisinin combination therapy 2004. to is determined the mutation at K76T P. transporter (pfcrt) gene. Understanding diversity genome crucial since it has potential influence important phenotypes parasite such drug resistance. Limited data available regarding type pfcrt mutant allelic type, effect...

Evidence for decreasing chloroquine (CQ) efficacy against Plasmodium vivax has been reported from many endemic countries in the world. In Ethiopia, P. accounts 40% of all malaria cases and CQ is first-line drug malaria. Mutations multidrug resistance 1 (pvmdr-1) K10 insertion pvcrt-o genes have identified as possible molecular markers CQ-resistance (CQR) vivax. Despite reports treatment failures, no data are currently available on prevalence Ethiopia. The objective this study was to...