The development of fibrous actuators with diverse actuation modes is expected to accelerate progress in active textiles, robotics, wearable electronics, and haptics. Despite the advances responsive polymer-based actuating fibers, available are limited by exclusive reliance current technologies on thermotropic contraction along fiber axis. To address this gap, present study describes a reversible spontaneous elongation (~30%) liquid crystal elastomer fibers produced via ultraviolet-assisted...

Mechanisms for epoxide reduction with hydrazine on a single-layer graphene sheet are examined using quantum mechanical calculations within the framework of gradient-corrected spin-polarized density-functional theory. We find that reaction is mainly governed by ring opening which initiated H transfer from or its derivatives. In addition, our suggest may predominantly follow direct Eley–Rideal mechanism rather than Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. also discuss generation various derivatives...

Abstract Cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs) are unique anisotropic rubbers that can change their structural color in response to various stimuli such as heat, chemicals, electric fields, and mechanical stress. Methods deswelling surface alignment have been adopted prepare CLCEs; however, they limitations creating spatially controlled CLCE geometries. In this work, a direct ink writing (DIW)‐based 3D‐printable be prepared by extruding viscous CLC is developed through 3D printer...

The onset of convective motion in an initially quiescent, horizontal isotropic porous layer is analyzed by using linear theory. fluid-saturated assumed to be kept isothermal while a single solute diffuses due impulsive change concentration at upper boundary. In the semi-infinite domain, spectral method, new stability equations are derived and solved analytically introducing eigenanalysis initial value problem approach. Also, quasi-steady state approximation (QSSA) considered. By comparing...

Linear and nonlinear analyses on miscible viscous fingering (VF) in a cylindrical packed column is conducted. The effects of boundary conditions the onset instability are suggested as function log-viscosity ratio P\'eclet number. Through two- three-dimensional (2D 3D) simulations based finite element method, we clearly visualize effect lateral growth VF. Our 3D explain experimental results available literature by suitably choosing parameters.

Abstract Poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) is a biodegradable polymer recognized for its potential to reduce plastic waste due biodegradability and compostability. However, conventional end‐of‐life options PBAT, such as composting biodegradation, involve additional costs, require substantial space, consume significant energy, which may not align with broader sustainability goals. Therefore, an alternative approach through recycling highly desirable. This study investigates the...

To understand the ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$ sequestration in saline aquifer, effect of a first-order chemical reaction on onset buoyancy-driven instability an isotropic reactive porous medium is analyzed theoretically. Under linear stability theory, equations are derived semi-infinite domain and they solved with without quasi-steady-state approximation. We also considered system at steady-state limit. The analysis for case proposed that motion can occur during transient period even if stable...

We quantify the destabilising effect of a first-order chemical reaction on fingering instability diffusive boundary layer in porous medium. Using scaling, we show that dynamics such reactive is fully determined by two dimensionless groups: Da/Ra2, which measures timescale for convection compared to those and diffusion; βC/βA, reflects density change induced product relative diffusing solute. Linear stability numerical results βC/βA range 0-10 Da/Ra2 0-0.01 are presented. It shown increases...

Abstract

The mechanism of the development solutal Marangoni instability in a thin layer polymer solution, by rapid evaporation volatile solvent, is studied numerically. By considering conservation mass, momentum, and concentration across evaporating surface, physically reliable kinematic boundary conditions are derived implemented numerical simulations. To simulate drying solution more realistically up to point where 80% solvent was evaporated, concentration-dependent rate, viscosity, diffusivity...

The stability of miscible displacement in porous media is analyzed theoretically. By considering the nonmonotonic viscosity variation effects, new equations are derived a similar domain with and without quasi-steady state approximations (QSSA). An analytical approach to solve newly driven proposed its validity confirmed by comparing solutions numerically obtained ones. Through growth rate analysis QSSA, it shown analytically that system unconditionally stable for long-wave disturbance...

The onset of transient Soret-driven convection in a horizontal layer porous medium saturated by fluid with nanoparticles suspensions, which is heated from above, studied where the viscosity depends on local concentration practical importance. For case high solutal Darcy-Rayleigh number RsD large negative Soret coefficient DT, applied even small temperature upper boundary creates diffusion and then convective motion occurs during stage. In conjunction diffusion, nanoparticle becomes...

This study focused on the nonlinear rheological characterization of three types cellulose nanofibril (CNF) suspensions under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) flow. Three different CNFs were produced, two by mechanical fibrillation alone conditions [here named microfibrillated (MFC) and U-CNF] other after carboxymethylation (CM-CNF). MFC U-CNF had broad width distributions, whereas CM-CNF narrower fibril distribution due to presence charged carboxymethyl groups. Nonlinear stress...

The coupled effects of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic instabilities are studied during viscous fingering (VF). We introduced a modified Cahn–Hilliard phase-field model in conjunction with the Korteweg force classical VF derived consistent governing equations. free energy partially miscible system is described using Flory–Huggins model, which allows us to investigate temporal evolution spatial inhomogeneities. mass flux equations according modern diffusion theory. have been solved through an...