A5033785554- Impact of Light on Environment and Health
- Clay minerals and soil interactions
- Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Heat Transfer Mechanisms
- Heat Transfer and Optimization
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Radiative Heat Transfer Studies
- Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Glass properties and applications
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control
- Urban Green Space and Health
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
- Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
- Marine animal studies overview
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Combustion and flame dynamics
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
- Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
- Marine and fisheries research
University of Plymouth
2020-2024
University of Sheffield
1969-2023
Bangor University
2011-2021
University of Exeter
2008-2018
University of the West of England
2016
Google (United States)
2015
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
2011-2012
Colon and Rectal Surgery Associates
2007
University of Wolverhampton
2004
University of Bristol
1985-1998
Summary Much concern has been expressed about the ecological consequences of night‐time light pollution. This is most often focused on encroachment artificial into previously unlit areas environment, but changes in spectral composition, duration and spatial pattern are also recognized as having effects. Here, we examine potential for organisms five management options to reduce These (i) prevent from being artificially lit; (ii) limit lighting; (iii) ‘trespass’ lighting that not intended be...
Artificial light at night is profoundly altering natural cycles, particularly as perceived by many organisms, over extensive areas of the globe. This alteration comprises introduction places and times which it has not previously occurred, with different spectral signatures. Given long geological periods for cycles have been consistent, this constitutes a novel environmental pressure, one there evidence biological effects that span from molecular to community level. Here we provide synthesis...
Summary Plants use light as a source of both energy and information. Plant physiological responses to light, interactions between plants animals (such herbivory pollination), have evolved under more or less stable regime 24‐h cycles darkness, and, outside the tropics, seasonal variation in day length. The rapid spread outdoor electric lighting across globe over past century has caused an unprecedented disruption these natural cycles. Artificial is widespread environment, varying intensity by...
The environmental impacts of artificial light at night have been a rapidly growing field global change science in recent years. Yet, pollution has not achieved parity with other phenomena the level concern and interest it receives from scientific community, government nongovernmental organizations. This is despite globally widespread, expanding changing nature night-time lighting immediacy, severity phylogenetic breath its impacts. In this opinion piece, we evidence 10 reasons why should be...
Artificial lighting has been used to illuminate the nocturnal environment for centuries and continues expand with urbanization economic development. Yet, potential ecological impact of resultant light pollution only recently emerged as a major cause concern. While investigations have demonstrated that artificial can influence organism behaviour, reproductive success survivorship, none addressed whether it is altering composition communities. We show, first time, invertebrate community...
The use of artificial lighting to illuminate the night has provided substantial benefits humankind. It also disrupted natural daily, seasonal, and lunar light cycles as experienced by a diversity organisms, hence it altered cues for timings many biological activities. Here we review evidence impacts nighttime on these timings. Although examples are scattered, concerning wide variety species environments, breadth such is compelling. Indeed, seems reasonable conclude that vast majority stem...
Abstract Since the 1970s nighttime satellite images of Earth from space have provided a striking illustration extent artificial light. Meanwhile, growing awareness adverse impacts light at night on scientific astronomy, human health, ecological processes and aesthetic enjoyment sky has led to recognition pollution as significant global environmental issue. Links between economic activity, population growth are well documented in rapidly developing regions. Applying novel method analysis...
Technological developments in municipal lighting are altering the spectral characteristics of artificially lit habitats. Little is yet known biological consequences such changes, although a variety animal behaviours dependent on detecting signature light reflected from objects. Using previously published wavelengths peak visual pigment absorbance, we compared how four alternative street lamp technologies affect abilities 213 species arachnid, insect, bird, reptile and mammal by producing...
The rapid growth in electric light usage across the globe has led to increasing presence of artificial natural and semi-natural ecosystems at night. This occurs both due direct illumination skyglow - scattered atmosphere. There is concern about effects on biological processes, biodiversity functioning ecosystems. We combine intercalibrated Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) images stable night-time lights for period 1992 2012 with a remotely...
Abstract Despite constituting a widespread and significant environmental change, understanding of artificial nighttime skyglow is extremely limited. Until now, published monitoring studies have been local or regional in scope typically short duration. In this first major international compilation data we answer several key questions about properties. Skyglow observed to vary over four orders magnitude, range hundreds times larger than was the case before light. Nearly all study sites were...
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is closely associated with modern societies and rapidly increasing worldwide. A dynamically growing body of literature shows that ALAN poses a serious threat to all levels biodiversity—from genes ecosystems. Many “unknowns” remain be addressed however, before we fully understand the impact on biodiversity can design effective mitigation measures. Here, distilled findings workshop effects first World Biodiversity Forum in Davos attended by several major...
Artificial light at night has a wide range of biological effects on both plants and animals. Here, we review mechanisms by which artificial may restructure ecological communities modifying the interactions between species. Such be top-down (predator, parasite or grazer controlled), bottom-up (resource-controlled) involve non-trophic processes, such as pollination, seed dispersal competition. We present results from an experiment investigating population density pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum...
Abstract Human settlements and transport networks are growing rapidly worldwide. Since the early 20th century their expansion has been accompanied by increasing illumination of environment at night, a trend that is likely to continue over decades come. Consequently, proportion world's ecosystems exposed artificial light profoundly altering natural cycles darkness. While in recent years there have advances our understanding effects night on behaviour physiology animals wild, much less known...
Artificial light is globally one of the most widely distributed forms anthropogenic pollution. However, while both nature and ecological effects direct artificial lighting are increasingly well documented, those sky glow have received little attention. We investigated how city lights alter natural regimes lunar brightness using a novel ten month time series measurements recorded across gradient increasing In city, increased to levels six times above in rural locations, nine twenty kilometers...
Marine benthic communities face multiple anthropogenic pressures that compromise the future of some most biodiverse and functionally important ecosystems in world. Yet one these face, night-time lighting, remains unstudied. Light is an cue guiding settlement invertebrate larvae, altering natural regimes nocturnal illumination could modify patterns recruitment among sessile epifauna. We present first evidence lighting changing composition temperate epifaunal marine communities. Illuminating...
The interrelationship between public interest in endangered species and the attention they receive from conservation community is 'flywheel' driving much effort to abate global extinction rates. Yet big international non-governmental organisations have typically focused on plight of a handful appealing species, while remains largely unaware majority. We quantified existence bias popular towards by analysing internet search 36,873 vertebrate taxa. Web was higher for mammals birds at greater...
Abstract White light‐emitting diodes ( LED s) are rapidly replacing conventional outdoor lighting technologies around the world. Despite rising concerns over their impact on environment and human health, flexibility of s has been advocated as a means mitigating ecological impacts globally widespread night‐time through spectral manipulation, dimming switching lights off during periods low demand. We conducted three‐year field experiment in which each these strategies was simulated previously...
Despite being globally widespread in coastal regions, the impacts of light pollution on intertidal ecosystems has received little attention. Intertidal species exhibit many night-time-dependent ecological strategies, including feeding, reproduction, orientation and predator avoidance, which are likely negatively affected by shifting regimes, as been observed terrestrial aquatic taxa. Coastal lighting may shape communities through its influence nocturnal foraging activity dogwhelks (Nucella...
Organisms have evolved under stable natural lighting regimes, employing cues from these to govern key ecological processes. However, the extent and density of artificial within environment has increased recently, causing widespread alteration regimes. Indeed, night-time electric is known significantly disrupt phenology, behaviour, reproductive success, thence community composition ecosystem functioning. Until now, most attention focussed on effects occurrence, timing, spectral lighting....
Abstract Globally, many ecosystems are exposed to artificial light at night. Nighttime lighting has direct biological impacts on species all trophic levels. However, the effects of biotic interactions remain, for most part, be determined. We experimental mesocosms containing combinations grassland plants and invertebrate herbivores predators illumination night over a 3‐year period simulate conditions under different common forms street lighting. demonstrate both top‐down...
Abstract Many marine ecosystems are shaped by regimes of natural light guiding the behavior their constituent species. As evidenced from terrestrial systems, global introduction nighttime lighting is likely influencing these behaviors, restructuring ecosystems, and compromising services they provide. Yet extent to which habitats exposed artificial at night unknown. We quantified across world's network protected areas (MPAs). Artificial widespread increasing in a large percentage MPAs. While...