A5064059058- Impact of Light on Environment and Health
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Urban Green Space and Health
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Animal and Plant Science Education
- Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Marine animal studies overview
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Oil Palm Production and Sustainability
- Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Urban Transport and Accessibility
University of Exeter
2016-2025
The University of Sydney
2022
University of British Columbia
2022
Colorado State University
2022
Chinese Academy of Sciences
2022
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
2022
University of Antwerp
2022
Cardiff University
2022
Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research
2022
The University of Tokyo
2022
Earth’s artificially lit area is expanding at 2.2% per year, with existing areas brightening by year.
Summary Much concern has been expressed about the ecological consequences of night‐time light pollution. This is most often focused on encroachment artificial into previously unlit areas environment, but changes in spectral composition, duration and spatial pattern are also recognized as having effects. Here, we examine potential for organisms five management options to reduce These (i) prevent from being artificially lit; (ii) limit lighting; (iii) ‘trespass’ lighting that not intended be...
1 The species composition of fragmented semi-natural grasslands may change over time due to stochastic local extinction and colonization events, successional and/or as a response changing management or abiotic conditions. resistance vegetation be mediated through the effects topography (slope aspect) on soils microclimate. 2 To assess long-term in British chalk grasslands, 92 plots first surveyed by F. H. Perring 1952–53, distributed across four climatic regions, were re-surveyed during...
Artificial light at night is profoundly altering natural cycles, particularly as perceived by many organisms, over extensive areas of the globe. This alteration comprises introduction places and times which it has not previously occurred, with different spectral signatures. Given long geological periods for cycles have been consistent, this constitutes a novel environmental pressure, one there evidence biological effects that span from molecular to community level. Here we provide synthesis...
Summary Plants use light as a source of both energy and information. Plant physiological responses to light, interactions between plants animals (such herbivory pollination), have evolved under more or less stable regime 24‐h cycles darkness, and, outside the tropics, seasonal variation in day length. The rapid spread outdoor electric lighting across globe over past century has caused an unprecedented disruption these natural cycles. Artificial is widespread environment, varying intensity by...
Significance The majority of mammal species are nocturnal, but many diurnal (active during the day), crepuscular mostly twilight), or cathemeral hours daylight and darkness). These different strategies for regulating activity over a 24-h cycle associated with suites adaptations to light semidarkness. biogeography these time partitioning is, however, poorly understood. We show that global patterns in diversity diel constrained by duration is both ( i ) illuminated daylight, moonlight, and/or...
Artificial lighting has been used to illuminate the nocturnal environment for centuries and continues expand with urbanization economic development. Yet, potential ecological impact of resultant light pollution only recently emerged as a major cause concern. While investigations have demonstrated that artificial can influence organism behaviour, reproductive success survivorship, none addressed whether it is altering composition communities. We show, first time, invertebrate community...
Abstract Since the 1970s nighttime satellite images of Earth from space have provided a striking illustration extent artificial light. Meanwhile, growing awareness adverse impacts light at night on scientific astronomy, human health, ecological processes and aesthetic enjoyment sky has led to recognition pollution as significant global environmental issue. Links between economic activity, population growth are well documented in rapidly developing regions. Applying novel method analysis...
Technological developments in municipal lighting are altering the spectral characteristics of artificially lit habitats. Little is yet known biological consequences such changes, although a variety animal behaviours dependent on detecting signature light reflected from objects. Using previously published wavelengths peak visual pigment absorbance, we compared how four alternative street lamp technologies affect abilities 213 species arachnid, insect, bird, reptile and mammal by producing...
The rapid growth in electric light usage across the globe has led to increasing presence of artificial natural and semi-natural ecosystems at night. This occurs both due direct illumination skyglow - scattered atmosphere. There is concern about effects on biological processes, biodiversity functioning ecosystems. We combine intercalibrated Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) images stable night-time lights for period 1992 2012 with a remotely...
Abstract Despite constituting a widespread and significant environmental change, understanding of artificial nighttime skyglow is extremely limited. Until now, published monitoring studies have been local or regional in scope typically short duration. In this first major international compilation data we answer several key questions about properties. Skyglow observed to vary over four orders magnitude, range hundreds times larger than was the case before light. Nearly all study sites were...
Artificial light at night has a wide range of biological effects on both plants and animals. Here, we review mechanisms by which artificial may restructure ecological communities modifying the interactions between species. Such be top-down (predator, parasite or grazer controlled), bottom-up (resource-controlled) involve non-trophic processes, such as pollination, seed dispersal competition. We present results from an experiment investigating population density pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum...
Abstract Climate is of fundamental importance to the ecology and evolution all organisms. However, studies climate–organism interactions usually rely on climate variables interpolated from widely spaced measurements or modelled at coarse resolution, whereas conditions experienced by many organisms vary over scales millimetres metres. To help bridge this mismatch in scale, we present models mechanistic processes that govern fine‐scale variation near‐ground air temperature. The are flexible...
Abstract The timing of spring bud‐burst and leaf development in temperate, boreal Arctic trees shrubs fluctuates from year to year, depending on meteorological conditions. Over several generations, the sensitivity conditions is subject selection pressure. considered be under opposing evolutionary pressures; earlier increases available growing season (capacity adaptation) but later decreases risk frost damage actively parts (survival adaptation). optimum trade‐off between these two forms...
Abstract Aim Despite predictions of high extinction risk resulting from climate change, range expansions have been documented more frequently than retractions, prompting suggestions that species can endure climatic changes by persisting in cool or damp microclimates. We test whether such ‘microrefugia’ exist. Location The U nited K ingdom. Methods examine fine‐scale the plant communities a coastal grassland over 30‐year period which spring temperatures increased 1.4 °C. look at community...
Abstract The nighttime light environment of much the earth has been transformed by introduction electric lighting. This impact continues to spread with growth in human population and extent urbanization. profound consequences for organismal physiology behavior affects abundances distributions species, community structure, likely ecosystem functions processes. Protected areas play key roles buffering biodiversity from a wide range anthropogenic pressures. We used calibration global satellite...
The ecological impact of night-time lighting is concern because its well-demonstrated effects on animal behaviour. However, the potential light pollution to change plant phenology and corresponding knock-on associated herbivores are less clear. Here, we test if artificial can advance timing budburst in trees. We took a UK-wide 13 year dataset spatially referenced data from four deciduous tree species matched it with both satellite imagery average spring temperature. find that occurs up 7.5...
Artificial lighting, especially but not exclusively through street lights, has transformed the nighttime environment in much of world. Impacts have been identified across multiple levels biological organization and process. The influences, however, on population dynamics, particularly combined effects key demographic rates (immigration, births, deaths, emigration) that determine where individual species occur what numbers, previously well characterized. majority attention explicitly...
Abstract Human settlements and transport networks are growing rapidly worldwide. Since the early 20th century their expansion has been accompanied by increasing illumination of environment at night, a trend that is likely to continue over decades come. Consequently, proportion world's ecosystems exposed artificial light profoundly altering natural cycles darkness. While in recent years there have advances our understanding effects night on behaviour physiology animals wild, much less known...