A5007916091- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
- Marine and fisheries research
- Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Marine animal studies overview
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Turtle Biology and Conservation
- Crustacean biology and ecology
- Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
University of Exeter
2016-2025
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2024
University of Lincoln
2023
University of Zurich
2020
Royal Holloway University of London
2020
Natural History Museum
2020
University of Plymouth
2017
Animal and Plant Health Agency
2016
National Institute of Agricultural Botany
2014
Newcastle University
2013
The use of linear mixed effects models (LMMs) is increasingly common in the analysis biological data. Whilst LMMs offer a flexible approach to modelling broad range data types, ecological are often complex and require model structures, fitting interpretation such not always straightforward. ability achieve robust inference requires that practitioners know how when apply these tools. Here, we provide general overview current methods for application data, highlight typical pitfalls can be...
Summary Fundamental ecological research is both intrinsically interesting and provides the basic knowledge required to answer applied questions of importance management natural world. The 100th anniversary British Ecological Society in 2013 an opportune moment reflect on current status ecology as a science look forward high‐light priorities for future work. To do this, we identified 100 important fundamental pure ecology. We elicited from ecologists working across wide range systems...
Summary 1. The evidence for anthropogenically induced climate change is overwhelming with the production of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels being a key driver. In response, many governments have initiated programmes energy renewable sources. 2. marine environment presents relatively untapped source and offshore installations are likely to produce significant proportion future production. Wind power most advanced, development wave tidal conversion devices expected increase...
Significance Schedules of survival, growth, and reproduction define life-history strategies across species. Understanding how are structured is fundamental to our understanding the evolution, abundance, distribution We found that 418 plant species worldwide explained by an axis representing pace life another wide range reproductive strategies. This framework predicts responses perturbations long-term population performance, showing great promise as a predictive tool for environmental change.
Summary Schedules of survival, growth and reproduction are key life‐history traits. Data on how these traits vary among species populations fundamental to our understanding the ecological conditions that have shaped plant evolution. Because demographic schedules determine population or decline, such data help us understand different biomes shape ecology, communities respond global change develop successful management tools for endangered invasive species. Matrix models summarize life cycle...
BackgroundThe feminization of nature by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is a key environmental issue affecting both terrestrial and aquatic wildlife. A crucial as yet unanswered question whether EDCs have adverse impacts on the sustainability wildlife populations. There widespread concern that intersex fish are reproductively compromised, with potential population-level consequences. However, to date, only in vitro sperm quality data available support this hypothesis.ObjectiveThe aim...
Abstract Background The impact of environmental gradients on the evolution life history traits is a central issue in macroecology and evolutionary biology. A number hypotheses have been formulated to explain factors shaping patterns variation animal mass. One such example Bergmann's rule, which predicts that body size will be positively correlated with latitude elevation, hence, decreasing temperatures. generally accepted explanation for this phenotypic response as mass increases, surface...
Contact networks, behavioral interactions, and shared use of space can all have important implications for the spread disease in animals. Social networks enable quantification complex patterns interactions; therefore, network analysis is becoming increasingly widespread study infectious animals, including wildlife. We present an introductory guide to using social-network-analytical approaches wildlife ecology, epidemiology, management. focus on providing detailed practical guidance basic...
1. It has been known for some time that the consequences of 'decisions' made at one point in an animal's life may not always be borne immediately. For example, numerous studies have demonstrated trade-off between current and future breeding success across multiple taxa. 2. is becoming increasingly clear such processes also operate among seasons, conditions experienced annual cycle significant downstream impacts, or 'carry-over effects', this particularly evident migratory species. We might...
The raiding of crops by elephants is one the major components human-elephant conflict, causing loss livelihood and retaliation against elephants. To mitigate this various intervention methods are in use farmers across Africa Asia; yet there have been few rigorous assessments their effectiveness. We provide an assessment efficacy interventions communities Assam from a 3-year survey dataset using Generalized Linear Mixed Modeling. found spotlights, chili fences, electric fences to be highly...
The ecological impact of night-time lighting is concern because its well-demonstrated effects on animal behaviour. However, the potential light pollution to change plant phenology and corresponding knock-on associated herbivores are less clear. Here, we test if artificial can advance timing budburst in trees. We took a UK-wide 13 year dataset spatially referenced data from four deciduous tree species matched it with both satellite imagery average spring temperature. find that occurs up 7.5...
Summary 1. Prey species often possess defences (e.g. toxins) coupled with warning signals (i.e. aposematism). There is growing evidence that the expression of aposematic varies within and correlates strength chemical defences. This has led to speculation such may be ‘honest’, signal reliability ensured by costliness producing or maintaining traits. 2. We reared larval seven‐spot ladybirds ( Coccinella septempunctata ) on a Low High aphid diet measured effects (elytral carotenoid...
Summary Host social structure is fundamental to how infections spread and persist, so the statistical modelling of static dynamic networks provides an invaluable tool parameterise realistic epidemiological models. We present a practical guide application network frameworks for hypothesis testing related interactions epidemiology, illustrating some approaches with worked examples using data from population wild European badgers Meles meles naturally infected bovine tuberculosis. Different...
Biological systems, at all scales of organisation from nucleic acids to ecosystems, are inherently complex and variable. Biologists therefore use statistical analyses detect signal among this systemic noise. Statistical models infer trends, find functional relationships differences that exist groups or caused by experimental manipulations. They also help predict uncertain futures. All branches the biological sciences now embrace possibilities mixed-effects modelling its flexible toolkit for...
Decreasing species diversity is thought to both reduce community productivity and increase invasibility other species. However, it remains unclear whether identical mechanisms drive diversity-productivity diversity-invasibility relationships. We found a positive relationship negative productivity-invasibility relationships using microcosm communities constructed from spatial niche specialist genotypes of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. The primary mechanism driving these was dominance...