Abstract. Turnout at general elections across Europe is in decline as it other established democracies. A particular cause for concern that young people are less likely to participate than older voters. Evidence presented this article, based on national election results and the 2002–2003 European Social Survey, shows overall turnout rate 22 countries between 1999 2002 was 70 per cent compared 51 electors aged 25. The authors examine variations Europe, use multilevel logistic regression...

This article aims to add a regional science perspective and geographical dimension our understanding of substantive questions regarding self-reported happiness well-being through the specification use multilevel models. Multilevel models are used with data from British Household Panel Survey Census UK population assess nature extent variations in determine relative importance area (district, region), household, individual characteristics on these outcomes. Having taken into account at...

Summary The social network literature on dependences has largely ignored other sources of dependence, such as the school that a student attends, or area in which an individual lives. multilevel modelling and has, turn, networks. To bridge this divide, multiple-membership multiple-classification approach for jointly investigating group is presented. This allows responses to be investigated compared. used analyse subsample Adolescent Health Study data set from USA, where response variable...

Statistics calculated using the means of geographic areas can differ substantially from corresponding statistics based on data individuals. Analysts who base their conclusions about individual‐level relationships area‐level analyses run risk committing ecological fallacy. Statistical models are proposed that capture essential features structure a population composed geographically defined groups and encompass grouping processes contextual effects. These used to show how small effects in...

"The authors show how data from the 2% Sample of Anonymised Records (SAR) can be combined with Small Area Statistics (SAS) database to investigate causes ecological fallacy in an Enumeration District (ED) level analysis. A range census variables are examined three ¿SAR districts'...in England. Results comparable analyses 1986 Australian also given. The arises when results analysis based on area-level aggregate statistics incorrectly assumed apply at individual level.... methodology is...

Mental health disorders often arise during adolescence, with disruptive behavior and anxiety among the most common. Given salience of peer relationships research suggesting that mental negatively impact social functioning, this study uses novel methodology from network analysis to uncover processes linking adolescent friendships. In particular, focuses on withdrawal, popularity, homophily in relation both disorders.Data come 15-year old students four Scottish secondary schools (N = 602)....

This paper reviews the automated zone-design procedures adopted for creation of 2001 Census output geography in United Kingdom. A microsimulation approach is used household records to populate actual postcode and enumeration district boundaries, a series area design scenarios are applied these data, allowing effects new constraints be evaluated. The authors identify advantages using an intra-area correlation measure maximization social homogeneity within areas, explore differences between...

Because of the inherent multilevel nature census data, it is often appropriate to use models investigate relationships between variables. For a local population, data available from allow three-level nested model be assumed, with an individual level (level 1), enumeration district (ED) 2), and ward 3). The consequences ignoring one three levels in this are assessed here theoretically. Empirical results, based on 1991 UK Census also provided, comparing variance components estimated analyses...

Abstract The combination of detailed sample data with less but fully enumerated marginal subtotals is the focus a wide range research. In this article we advocate careful modeling data, followed by Iterative Proportional Fitting (IPF). aims to estimate accurately interaction or odds ratios complex tables, which information not contained in subtotals. IPF ensures consistency We advance work three practical ways. First, show that small-area estimates both counts and proportional distributions...

Analyzing two-mode networks linking actors to events they attend may help uncover the structure and evolution of social networks. This classic network insight is particularly valuable in analysis data extracted from contact diaries where produce — at same time are product relations among participants. Contact comprise any number meeting a specific point time. In this paper we recall correspondence between actor–event hypergraphs, propose relational hyperevent models (RHEM) as general...

Absence from school during the first year after starting major treatment for cancer or chronic orthopaedic conditions was examined. Retrospective data were collected on 72 children and obtained hospital records, registers, interviews with parents teachers. Median initial absences caused by 91, 29-5, 15 days cancer, chronic, patients respectively. The mean proportions of remaining time in occupied those not respectively 17% oncology patients, 8% 12% 2% 11% patients. only significant factor...

The increase in referrals to a new consultant psychiatrist within teaching hospital was documented. During 1987/88 there were 279 consecutive from physicians and surgeons (159 out-patients 120 ward-consultation requests) which compared with 184 GP over the same period. Hospital tended be older, less socially disadvantaged, but psychiatric disorder of similar severity referrals. They more likely have concurrent physical diagnosis, demonstrate somatisation. latter not confined patients without...

Summary Census data are available in aggregate form for local areas and, through the samples of anonymized records (SARs), as microdata households and individuals. In 1991 there were two SAR files: a household file an individual file. These have high degree detail on census variables but little geographical detail, situation that will be exacerbated 2001 owing to loss district level geography SAR. The paper puts forward case additional sample microdata, also drawn from census, has much...

The turnout of 59.4 per cent at the 2001 general election was lowest since 1918. It has been widely assumed that ethnic or religious minority electors are less likely to vote in elections than white electors. Furthermore, electoral participation is regarded as both an indicator integration communities and quality democratic system. However, existing research attempts provide specific estimates relies heavily on survey data aggregate data. Most surveys do not overcome problems misreporting,...

Objectives: The reasons for ethnic differences in women's mental health service use England remain unclear. aims of this study were to ascertain: usage services, if social networks are independently associated with use, and the association between varies groups.Design: Logistic regression modelling nationally representative data from Ethnic Minority Psychiatric Illness Rates Community (EMPIRIC) survey conducted England. analytic sample (2260 women, aged 16–74 years) was drawn subsample 2340...