The photovoltaic absorber Cu 2 ZnSn(S x Se 1– ) 4 (CZTSSe) has attracted interest in recent years due to the earth‐abundance of its constituents and realization high performance (12.6% efficiency). open‐circuit voltage CZTSSe devices is believed be limited by band tailing caused exceptionally density Cu/Zn antisites. By replacing with Ag, whose covalent radius ≈15% larger than that Zn, I–II antisite defects predicted drop. fundamental properties mixed Ag‐Cu kesterite compound are reported as...

Selenium was used in the first solid state solar cell 1883 and gave early insights into photoelectric effect that inspired Einstein's Nobel Prize work; however, latest efficiency milestone of 5.0% more than 30 years ago. The recent surge interest towards high-band gap absorbers for tandem applications led us to reconsider this attractive 1.95 eV material. Here, we show completely redesigned selenium devices with improved back front interfaces optimized through combinatorial studies...

The kesterite material Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) is an attractive earth‐abundant semiconductor for photovoltaics. However, the power conversion efficiency limited by a large density of I–II antisite defects, which cause severe band tailing and open‐circuit voltage loss. Ag ZnSnSe (AZTSe) promising alternative to CZTSSe with substantially lower defect smaller tailing. AZTSe weakly n‐type, this study reports first time on how carrier impacted stoichiometry. This presents first‐ever...

The thin‐film photovoltaic absorber Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) holds considerable promise for large scale conversion of sunlight into electricity. CZTSSe is composed Earth‐abundant elements that exhibit low‐toxicities, but improvements in device efficiency have been hampered by difficulties increasing open circuit voltages ( V OC ) due, at least part, to disorder induced band tailing. We present a method increase through direct modification the back contact; our approach involves separation...

Blockchain has built-in security features. Basic concepts in blockchain include cryptographic, decentralized, and consensus that guarantee integrity. It's been extremely difficult for a very long time to create safe secure electronic voting system gives the clarity versatility provided by systems, as well transparency privacy supplied present systems. In this research work, application is assessed implementing decentralized The study offers different based on tackles some of drawbacks...

This article discusses a design of compact wideband stub loaded monopole antenna (CWSLMA) backed with 3 × array hexagonal shaped electromagnetic band gap (EBG) cell operating at 2.45 GHz enhanced gain and low specific absorption rate (SAR) for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The split ring rectangular radiator is designed protruding to miniaturize the size (34 18 1.6 mm3) resonance frequency GHz. proposed CWSLMA fabricated on glass epoxy FR4 substrate supported EBG over...

Recently, a new type of photovoltaic device based on an n-type Ag2ZnSnSe4 (AZTSe) absorber was demonstrated with efficiency over 5%. This work examines in detail several critical loss mechanisms FTO/AZTSe/MoO3/ITO Schottky barrier devices. It is shown that the height present devices under illumination only ∼0.82 eV. With this magnitude, has upper-bound 6.4% to efficiency. Second, AZTSe thin films used exhibit exceptionally short minority carrier lifetimes (≤225 ps), as probed using...

Abstract This letter presents a design of very compact asymmetric dual L ‐strip fed split‐ring shaped electromagnetic bandgap (EBG)‐based textile antenna for wireless body area networks (WBAN) applications, operating at frequency 2.45 GHz. The radiator is composed 2 × 1 array EBG cells printed on same side the substrate with partial ground plane to form surface, excited 50 Ω inverted feed line. used miniaturize proposed size 40 20 0.3 mm 3 . wearable (DLSWA) structure fabricated denim...

A coexisting compact dual coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed dual-band and dual-polarized triangular-shaped wearable antenna (TSWA) is proposed for 2.45 GHz 5.8 ISM (Industrial, Scientific Medical) frequency bands. The of area 722 mm2 fabricated on polyimide substrate (thickness 1.6 mm relative permittivity 3.5). two identical inverted-L-shaped feed stubs are employed orthogonally in wide triangular slot to provide both horizontally vertically polarized radiations An additional Y-shaped copper...

Abstract In this paper, a simple and compact coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed four coexisting inverted-L-shaped radiating elements based wideband (ILW) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna has been presented for wearable wireless applications. The 50 Ω CPW feed structure used to excite the radiators in wide square slot of proposed four-port MIMO antenna. diagonal strips are extended from corners form split ring center, which suppresses coupling electromagnetic waves among quad radiators. ILW...

This paper presents an L-strip fed compact wearable dual wide band circularly polarized textile antenna (DWCPTA) with a pair of parasitic elements and operations at frequencies 2.45 5.80 GHz for industrial, scientific medical (ISM) applications. The is printed on top denim (jeans) substrate having dielectric constant 1.7 thickness 1.43 mm slot ground plane back side. proposed DWCPTA size 40 × mm3 achieves -10 dB simulation impedance bandwidth 89.16% (2.3 – 6.0 GHz) 3-dB axial ratio (ARBW)...

This paper prposes a bandwidth enhancement of C-shaped antenna by coupling. The coupled is designed and simulated HFSS simulation tool. substrate 1.6 mm thick have 4.4 dielectric constant loss tangent ( tan δ) 0.02. obtained 36.55% (1.755-2.54 GHz), gain 3.32 dBi, radiation efficiency 84% bi-directional pattern. fed 50 Ω Micro strip line feed.

Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ZnSn(S xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Se xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> ) xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> (CZTSSe) photovoltaic devices are primarily limited by low open-circuit voltages, believed to be caused in part disorder on the Cu/Zn sublattice. We show that band tailing absorber can addressed alloying Ag into CZTSSe...

This paper presents an ultra-wideband full-duplex antenna for 5G applications. The proposed comprises a pair of microstrip patch antennas as transmitter and receiver parasitically loaded with the third to enhance isolation. Loading stubs obtain response in antennas, which introduce additional resonances. Two shorting pins are incorporated order improve impedance matching. operates frequency band ranging from 25-40 GHz resonances at 28 GHz, 38 offers isolation 17 34 dB within this range.

In this paper a compact hexagon open slot inverted <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$L$</tex> - shaped printed monopole (CHSILPM) ultrawideband (UWB) antenna is presented. The proposed CHSILPM UWB of size xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$25\times 25\times 1.6\ \text{mm}^{3}$</tex> fabricated on FR4 substrate ( xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}=4.4$</tex> and loss tangent = 0.025)....