A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of human ear with structures the external canal, middle ear, and cochlea has been developed recently. In this paper, FE was used to predict effect tympanic membrane (TM) perforations on sound transmission through ear. Two were made in posterior-inferior quadrant inferior site TM areas 1.33 0.82mm2, respectively. These also created temporal bones same size location. The vibrations (umbo) stapes footplate calculated from measured using laser...

Abstract For a class of robustly transitive diffeomorphisms on ${\mathbb T}^4$ introduced by Shub [Topologically $T^4$ . Proceedings the Symposium Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems (Lecture notes in Mathematics, 206) Ed. D. Chillingworth. Springer, Berlin, 1971, pp. 39–40], satisfying an additional bunching condition, we show that there exists $C^2$ open $C^r$ dense subset ${\mathcal U}^r$ , $2\leq r\leq \infty $ such any two hyperbolic points $g\in {\mathcal with stable index $2$...

We show that, for any <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper C Superscript 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">C^1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism, there is a full volume subset such that Cesàro limit of point in this satisfies the Pesin formula partial...

Abstract We construct measures of maximal u -entropy for any partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism that factors over an Anosov torus automorphism and has mostly contracting center direction. The space such finite dimension, its extreme points are ergodic with pairwise disjoint supports.

We use entropy theory as a new tool to study sectional hyperbolic flows in any dimension. show that for $C^1$ flows, every set $\Lambda$ is expansive, and the topological varies continuously with flow. Furthermore, if Lyapunov stable, then it has positive entropy; addition, chain recurrent class, contains periodic orbit. As corollary, we prove generic Lorenz-like class an attractor.

Abstract We consider the uniqueness of equilibrium states for dynamical systems that satisfy certain weak, non-uniform versions specification, expansivity, and Bowen property at a fixed scale. Following Climenhaga–Thompson’s approach which was originally due to Franco, we prove are unique even when weak specification assumption only holds on small collection orbit segments. This improvement will be crucial in subsequent work, where (open densely) every Lorenz attractor supports measure...

Background This study aimed to establish a traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS) model in swine and examine pathophysiological characteristics dry-heat environment. Methods Forty domestic Landrace piglets were randomly assigned four groups: normal temperature non-shock (NS), THS (NTHS), desert (DS), dry-hot (DTHS) groups. The groups exposed either (25°C) or dry heat (40.5°C) for 3 h. To induce THS, anesthetized the NTHS DTHS subjected liver trauma hypovolemic until death, NS DS euthanized at 11...

We establish the general equivalence between rare event process for arbitrary continuous functions whose maximal values are achieved on non-trivial sets, and entry times distribution measure zero sets. then use it to show that differentiable maps a compact Riemannian manifold can be modeled by Young's towers, limiting both converge compound Poisson distributions. A similar result is also obtained Gibbs–Markov systems, cylinders open give explicit expressions parameters of distribution,...

We show that dynamical systems with $\phi$-mixing measures have local escape rates which are exponential rate $1$ at non-periodic points and equal to the extremal index periodic points. apply this result equilibrium states on subshifts of finite type, expanding interval maps, Gibbs conformal repellers more generally Young towers by extension all can be modeled a tower.

In this paper we consider the semi-continuity of physical-like measures for diffeomorphisms with dominated splittings. We prove that any weak-* limit along a sequence C1 {fn} must be Gibbs F-state limiting map f. As consequence, establish statistical stability perturbation time-one three-dimensional Lorenz attractors, and continuity physical measure constructed by Bonatti Viana.

To explore the development of China's energy power generation enterprises, undertake reasonable resource allocation and optimization, promote sustainable development. We apply an index calculation approach within data envelopment analysis framework, collecting from 50 enterprises in 2007-2022, resulting a total 800 observations (16*50) for in-depth productivity decomposition. The results highlight that during study years, sample experienced following changes on average per year: increase...

It was proven by Ures that $C^1$ diffeomorphism on three dimensional torus is derived from Anosov admits a unique maximal measure. Here we show the measure has exponential decay of correlations for H\"older observables, assuming middle eigenvalue linear model contracting.

We show that non-trivial chain recurrent classes for generic $C^1$ star flows satisfy a dichotomy: either they have zero topological entropy, or must be isolated. Moreover, with entropy sectional hyperbolic, and cannot detected by any ergodic invariant probability. As result, we only finitely many Lyapunov stable classes.

For flows whose return map on a cross section has sufficient mixing property, we show that the hitting time distribution of flow to balls is exponential in limit. We also establish link between extreme value and its distribution, generalizing previous work by Freitas et al discrete case. Finally for maps can be modeled Young's tower with polynomial tail, laws hold.

We show that for any $C^1$ partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism, there is a full volume subset, such Cesaro limit of point in this subset satisfies the Pesin formula partial entropy. This result has several important applications. First we $C^{1+}$ diffeomorphism with one dimensional center, every set belongs to either basin physical measure non-vanishing center exponent, or exponent sequence $\frac1n\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}δ_{f^i(x)}$ vanishing. also prove mostly contracting it admits neighborhood...

Abstract We consider random dynamical systems on manifolds modelled by a skew product which have certain geometric properties and whose measures satisfy quenched decay of correlations at sufficient rate. prove that the limiting distribution for hitting return times to balls are both exponential almost every realisation. then apply this result C 2 maps interval, parabolic unit interval perturbation partially hyperbolic attractors compact Riemannian manifold.