Quantum annealing algorithms belong to the class of meta-heuristic tools, applicable for solving binary optimization problems. Hardware implementations quantum annealing, such as processing units (QPUs) produced by D-Wave Systems, have been subject multiple analyses in research, with aim characterizing technology's usefulness and sampling tasks. In this paper, we present a real-world application that uses technologies. Specifically, show how map certain parts traffic flow problem be suitable...

The preferred plasma-facing material in present-day and future magnetic confinement thermonuclear fusion devices is tungsten. This mainly chosen because of its high threshold energy for sputtering by hydrogen isotopes as well low retention tritium within the material. From an engineering point view, however, tungsten a challenging to work with it inherently hard brittle metal. In this respect, established fabrication technologies based materials are limiting factor directly affecting design...

The conservative and dissipative forces between tip sample of a dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) were investigated using combination computer simulations experimental AFM data obtained by the frequency modulation technique. In this way it became possible to reconstruct complete versus distance curves damping coefficient from without fit parameters for interaction analytical models. A comparison with approaches is given determine curve proposed. results include determination first point...

Abstract In this review paper, the authors investigate state of technology for hybrid- and multi-material (MM) manufacturing metals utilizing additive manufacturing, in particular powder bed fusion processes. The study consists three parts, covering material combinations, MM deposition devices, implications process chain. analysis is clustered into 2D- 3D-MM approaches. Based on reviewed literature, most utilized combination steel-copper, followed by fusing dissimilar steels. Second, devices...

Spreading devices used to create powder layers in the laser bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) were found have a significant impact on additive manufacturing process. However, previous research primarily focused theoretical investigations, including recoater concepts that are not available market, while no comprehensive comparison commercially spreading currently exists. The aim this study is therefore examine properties and part qualities can be achieved with three most common types recoater:...

We use molecular dynamics simulations to study polyelectrolytes end-grafted a surface. Our model includes counterions explicitly and treats the full long-range Coulomb interaction. Strongly charged with no added salt are investigated, where localized inside brush electroneutrality is satisfied locally. At this stage, we do not rule out that finite system size influences prefactors of our scaling results. Irrespective question find brushes collapsed thickness linearly proportional chain...

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study completely charged polyelectrolyte brushes with added salt at moderate electrostatic coupling strength. The full Coulomb interaction of monomers, counterions, and ions is treated explicitly. In the (nonlinear) osmotic brush regime, thickness h found to decrease concentration cs, obeying a weak power law, ∼ cs-1/3. This result in agreement scaling prediction by Pincus. transverse ion distribution obtained simulations can be understood means...

Process monitoring and modelling can contribute to fostering the industrial relevance of additive manufacturing. related temperature gradients thermal inhomogeneities cause residual stresses, distortions influence microstructure. Variations in wall thickness heat accumulations. These occur predominantly filigree part areas be detected by utilizing off-axis thermographic during manufacturing process. In addition, numerical simulation models on scale whole parts enable an analysis fields...

Information on the genetic population structure of endangered giant clams is important for conservation programmes and understanding ecological evolutionary processes. In this study, structures three codistributed ecologically similar clam species (Tridacna crocea, T. maxima squamosa) are compared. A fragment cytochrome c oxidase I gene was sequenced as a marker in sampled throughout Indo-West Pacific, from Western Indian Ocean (WIO) Red Sea (RS) to Eastern (EIO), across centre marine...

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is an NP-optimization problem (NPO) that has been of great interest for decades both, science and industry. CVRP a variant the vehicle routing characterized by capacity constrained vehicles. aim to plan tours vehicles supply given number customers as efficiently possible. combinatorial explosion possible solutions, which increases superexponentially with customers. Classical solutions provide good approximations globally optimal solution....

Cost and resource efficiency of Laser Beam Melting (LBM) highly depend on powder recycling procedures. Non-solidified can be sieved reused in subsequent build cycles. However, due to quality concerns, is not commonly practiced. One effect, which impair the quality, lies formation insertion spatter particles during melting process. In this paper, emerging LBM AlSi10Mg are characterized regarding geometric (size, morphology), chemical (alloy composition, oxygen content, oxide layer thickness)...

Additive Manufacturing (AM) allows the manufacturing of functionally graded materials (FGM). This includes compositional grading, which enables allocation desired corresponding to local product requirements. An upcoming AM process for creation metal-based FGMs is laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) utilized multi-material (MM). Three-dimensional approaches PBF-LB/M are stated have a readiness level (MRL) 4 5. In this paper, an advancement technology presented by realizing...

Abstract Power bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M) offers unique possibilities to manufacture functionally graded materials (FGM) consisting different alloys. These so-called multi-material parts enable their material properties be tailored local requirements. In this paper, new methodical approach for the production metal FGM with transition zones oriented in directions and manufacturing sequences is investigated. Existing approaches these were enhanced parameter variations,...

Structural evolution of pentacene thin films on Ag(110) crystal, during molecular deposition and a subsequent change substrate temperature, was investigated in situ by beam epitaxy low-energy electron diffraction technique. The molecules exhibit high mobility the surface at room temperature adsorbate shows structural from disorder submonolayer to an ordered structure when it reaches one monolayer. Heating $145\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ results no further transition....

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study completely and partially charged polyelectrolyte brushes. Counterions are treated explicitly. At weak electrostatic interaction find that the collapsed brush regime obtained at strong disappears. The chains become strongly stretched perpendicular to grafting surface. Contrary well-known scaling law for osmotic which gives a thickness, independent of density, obtain weak, but nonvanishing, dependence. This unusual result is in agreement with...

A key element of functionalizing nanocrystals with organic molecules is the nontemplated selective adsorption different on facets. Here we report scanning-tunneling-microscopy images perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride and 2,5-dimethyl-$N$,${N}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-dicyanoquinonediimine silver, demonstrating We also first-principles calculations that account for data show bonding, which controls selectivity, occurs via end atoms, while molecule's midregion arches away from substrate....