Background: A key challenge inhibiting the timely initiation of pediatric antiretroviral treatment is loss to follow-up mothers and their infants between time mothers' HIV diagnoses in pregnancy return after delivery for early infant diagnosis HIV. We sought identify barriers HIV-exposed rural Zambézia Province, Mozambique. Methods: determined rates age at first test a retrospective cohort 443 HIV-infected infants. Multivariable logistic regression models were used factors associated with...

To determine the prevalence rates of four major categories mental illness among medical students and to examine associations between these illnesses a range demographic variables.The authors invited all 330 first-, second-, third-year at Vanderbilt University School Medicine participate in survey during winter 2008-2009. Students completed an anonymous written questionnaire assessing depression, anxiety, eating disorders, alcohol drug use disorders. Additionally, obtained student information...

Abstract BACKGROUND. Small samples with few minority women and/or the absence of comparisons to peers without cancer histories have limited previous research suggesting racial differences in breast survivors' health‐related quality life (HRQoL). This study not only compared HRQoL African American and white survivors, but also these that same‐race no history. METHODS. Data from Women's Health Initiative‐Observational Study were used, including 5021 survivors 88,532 a history cancer....

Background: Patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are at high risk for venous thromboembolic sequelae; however, prophylaxis is often delayed because of the perceived intracranial hemorrhagic exacerbation. The goal this study was to determine whether enoxaparin early thromboembolism (VTE) safe hemodynamically stable patients TBIs. Methods: This a retrospective cohort from Level I Trauma Center TBIs receiving (0–72 hours) or late (>72 VTE prophylaxis. Inclusion criteria included...

Many patients, due to a combination of illness and sedatives, spend considerable amount time in comatose state that can include burst suppression. We sought determine if suppression measured by processed electroencephalography during coma sedative-exposed patients is predictor post-coma delirium critical illness.Observational convenience sample cohort.Medical surgical ICUs tertiary care medical center.Cohort 124 mechanically ventilated ICU patients.None.Depth sedation was monitored twice...

Competency-based assessment seeks to align measures of performance directly with desired learning outcomes based upon the needs patients and healthcare system. Recognizing that methods profoundly influence student motivation effort, it is critical measure all aspects throughout an individual's medical training. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) defined domains competency residency; subsequent Milestones Project describe each learner's progress toward competence...

Incidents of bias and microaggressions are prevalent in the clinical setting disproportionately experienced by racial minorities, women, medical students. These incidents contribute to burnout. Published efforts address these growing, but gaps remain regarding long-term efficacy curricular models. We developed longitudinally evaluated a workshop that taught students framework respond or microaggressions.In October 2019, 102 Vanderbilt core clerkship participated an hour-long, interactive,...

Summary Objective Children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery ( CCS ) are at increased risk for acute kidney injury AKI due to a number of factors. Recent evidence suggests may influence mortality beyond the immediate postoperative period and hospitalization. We sought determine association between renal failure longer‐term in children following . Methods Our Study population included all patients that underwent our institution during 3 years from 2004 through 2006. The primary definition...

Background: Medical students have unmet needs in the areas of career and wellness advising.Aims: The goal this study is to describe development an Advisory College Program (ACP) assess its effectiveness compared a traditional one-on-one faculty advisor system.Methods: ACP, consisting four colleges co-led by Directors supported key Faculty, was developed provide structured advising. authors ACP former Faculty (FAP) using two parallel questionnaires.Results: Surveys were completed 74%...

Vitamin D deficiency is well recognized in selected Middle Eastern countries, but neonatal vitamin status not studied Jordan and other nearby countries. The aim of this study to determine the prevalence Jordanian newborns risk factors associated with low levels.This a prospective cohort newborn infants who were delivered at Al Bashir Government Hospital Amman, Jordan, from January 31, 2010, 27, 2011. Heel stick blood samples for 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] levels obtained within 96 hours...

Introduction: Observations of medical student participation in entrustable professional activities (EPAs) provide insight into the student's ability to synthesize competencies across domains and effectively function different clinical scenarios. Both Supervisory Co-Activity Assessment Scales have been recommended for use with students.Methods: Students were assessed on EPAs during Acting Internships Medicine Pediatrics. Two rating scales modified based expert review included throughout...

Objective: To determine risk factors associated with tracheostomy placement after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent outcomes among those who did not receive a tracheostomy.Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared adult trauma patients TBI (n = 583) tracheostomy. A multivariable logistic regression model assessed the associations between age, sex, race, insurance status, admission GCS, AIS (Head, Face, Chest) placement. Ordinal models tracheostomy's influence on...

Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis. Exostoses of the external auditory canal are benign bony tumors associated with frequent cold‐water exposure. Obstruction may lead to conductive hearing loss and recurrent otitis externa, requiring surgical correction when symptoms become intolerable. This study aimed characterize prevalence exostoses in white‐water kayakers identify risk factors protective measures. Study Design. Cross‐sectional. Methods. Six hundred eleven from across United States were...

To assess parental attitudes towards type 1 diabetes clinical trials (T1DCTs) and factors that impact willingness to enroll their children with without diabetes.A cross-sectional survey of parents was administered at an academic clinic a educational event.Survey response rate 36%. Of 166 participating parents, 76% were aware T1DCTs. More reported (47%) than unaffected (36%). Only 18% recalled being asked children, these, 60% agreed least some those times. Less 30% comfortable placebos....

Postoperative hemorrhage after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) may require early reoperative intervention. Previous studies have shown intraoperative transfusion requirement as a main determinant of intervention OLT. The goal this study was to develop an model predicting need for reoperation A single institution, retrospective review adult primary OLT patients from January 2002 2008 conducted. Multivariate logistical regression analysis performed identify predictors due postoperative...

Background: Individualized Learning Plans (ILPs) are an effective tool for promoting self-directed learning among residents. However, no literature details ILP use medical students.Methods: Fifty fourth-year sub-interns in pediatrics and internal medicine created ILPs, including a self-assessment of strengths weaknesses based on ACGME core competencies the setting objectives. During weekly follow-up meetings with faculty mentors peers, students discussed challenges revised goals. Upon...

In this article, we describe the identities of U.S. suburban high school students as they attempt to ensure their “market relevance” in a neoliberal era. The data are drawn from four‐year ethnographic study construction educational advantage conducted by diverse five‐person research team. These were characterized strong agentic beliefs, predispositions exert control, deeply held attachments individual success, highly developed self‐advocacy skills, precociously circumscribed aspirations,...

Background and Purpose: For MD/PhD students, the transition to medical school following graduate research can be difficult. We developed a clinical intervention, Clinical Preceptorship Program (CPP), for students at Vanderbilt ease core clerkship year (the 3rd year) training. In this study, we determined whether CPP prepared adequately reentry. Methods: Clerkship grades were obtained 680 50 academic years 2004–2010. A student's unpaired t test was used analyze differences between group...

Journal Article PATTERNS OF ADENOVIRUS INFECTIONS IN MARINE CORPS PERSONNEL: I. A 42-MONTH SURVEY RECRUIT AND NONRECRUIT POPULATIONS Get access H. BLOOM, BLOOM 2Naval Medical Field Research LaboratoryCamp Lejeune, N. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. R. FORSYTH, FORSYTH 3Naval K. M. JOHNSON, JOHNSON 5Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAIDNational Institutes Health, Bethesda, Maryland A. MUFSON, MUFSON TURNER, TURNER DAVIDSON, DAVIDSON...

This investigation describes the relationship between TBI patient demographics, quality of life outcome, and functional status outcome among clinic attendees non-attendees. Of adult survivors with intracranial hemorrhage, 63 attended our 167 did not attend. All were telephone surveyed using Extended-Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE), Quality Life after Brain Injury (QOLIBRI) scale, a post-discharge therapy questionnaire. To determine risk factors for GOSE QOLIBRI outcomes, we created...

Precision medicine holds great promise for improving health and reducing disparities that can be most fully realized by advancing diversity inclusion in research participants. Without engaging underrepresented groups, precision could not only fail to achieve its but also further exacerbate the already burdening vulnerable. Yet underrepresentation people of non-European ancestry continues there are across racial groups uptake applications services. Studies have explored possible explanations...