It has been proposed that pain competes with other attention-demanding stimuli for cognitive resources, and many chronic patients display significant attention mental flexibility deficits. These alterations may result from disruptions in the functioning of default mode network (DMN) which plays a critical role attention, memory, prospection self-processing, recent investigations have found DMN function multiple conditions. Whilst it these are characteristic is nature, we recently reported...

The neural mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain remain unclear. Evidence from human investigations suggests that is associated with altered thalamic burst firing thalamocortical dysrhythmia. Additionally, experimental animal show infra-slow (<0.1 Hz) frequency oscillations within dorsal horn somatosensory thalamus. aim this investigation was to determine whether, in humans, also ascending “pain” pathway. Using resting-state functional magnetic...

Preclinical investigations have suggested that altered functioning of brainstem pain-modulation circuits may be crucial for the maintenance some chronic pain conditions. While human psychophysical studies show patients with display efficacy, it remains unknown whether are in individuals pain. The aim present investigation was to determine whether, humans, following nerve injury is associated ongoing descending modulation systems. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we...

Claims regarding Western neo-colonial domination over scholarship in Comparative and International Education (CIE) have recently commanded much attention – for example a 2017 special issue of the journal Review (CER) on theme 'contesting coloniality.' Stressing their marginal 'positionality,' contributors to that relate critique narrative 'epistemic violence' seen as underpinning 'Western' or 'Northern' hegemony CIE field beyond. Adopting historical perspective, I argue here positing...

This article provides an overview of the politics education as they affect regions and communities on periphery People's Republic China. Drawing articles in this special issue Comparative Education, it analyses tensions related to attempted imposition Bejing's homogenising totalising vision Chineseness across Tibet, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hong Kong, Taiwan amongst mainland's migrant underclass. Also considered here are comparative educational scholarship, relate a widespread failure...

Since Hong Kong's retrocession, the government has endeavoured to strengthen local citizens' identification with People's Republic of China – a project that acquired new impetus 2010 decision introduce ‘Moral and National Education’ (MNE) as compulsory school subject. In face strong opposition, this policy was withdrawn in 2012, implementation MNE made optional. This article seeks elucidate background controversy 2012 by locating emergence distinctive Kong identity its historical context,...

Whilst Hong Kong’s return to Chinese sovereignty in 1997 has influenced education various ways, major reforms perceived as promoting mainland control have been resisted. For two decades, educational autonomy under the ‘one country, systems’ formula was thus largely maintained. This changed radically with response protests of 2019–2020, culminating introduction a National Security Law. drastically constrained civil society, enhanced central government and accelerated efforts reeducate...

While ‘national education’ has regularly been invoked by post-1997 Hong Kong administrations, its pursuit acquired new force and urgency since the introduction in 2020 of a National Security Law. Investigating role schooling this reinvigorated project thought reform, article asks how far recent initiatives have merely amplified official identity discourse or marked qualitative change. It does so primarily analysing curriculum textbooks for Citizenship Social Development (CSD), introduced...

UNESCO's relatively high prestige across East Asia has spurred intensifying efforts by governments to use its imprimatur legitimate official narratives of the past and visions future. This article focuses on China's UNESCO as an arena for competitive national 'branding' in education field, especially relating STEM AI. We analyse Chinese state's engagement with work context shifts budgetary political influence within organisation, a growing 'securitisation' China itself. show how educational...

This article analyses contradictions in the Thai engagement with UNESCO discourse by examining how concepts relating to Education for Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship have been interpreted key national policies. education policy signals convergence certain aspects of international sustainability agenda while selectively excluding elements name 'tradition'. Crucially, Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP) is portrayed as a distinctively 'Thai' approach modernisation, endorsing...

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the implications of recent policy changes for portrayal minority nationalities in latest China's history textbooks published around 2017. We argue that ideological responses to fierce ethnic clashes late 2000s and leadership transition since 2012 have generated increasingly contradictory official discourses on relationship between Chinese identity cultural diversity, which are manifested textbooks. On one hand, policies still appear endorse a multi-minzu,...

(2007). Museums and nationalism in contemporary China. Compare: A Journal of Comparative International Education: Vol. 37, Education identity formation post‐cold war Eastern Europe Asia, pp. 365-382.

Recurrent thalamocortical connections are integral to the generation of brain rhythms and it is thought that inhibitory action thalamic reticular nucleus critical in setting these rhythms. Our work others' has suggested chronic pain develops following nerve injury, is, neuropathic pain, results from altered rhythm, although whether this dysrhythmia associated with function remains unknown. In investigation, we used electroencephalography magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigate cortical...

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39: 465–469 Background: Arecoline stimulates cultured cells above 0.1 μg/ml and is cytotoxic 10 μg/ml. Although this alkaloid seems important for areca nut induced oral carcinogenesis, little known of the levels achieved during chewing. Materials methods: Saliva was collected in 3- to 5-min intervals over 50 min 32 habitual chewers: before, 25 during, 20 after chewing (0.5 g) without any other additives. Salivary arecoline quantitated by HPLC-MS. Controls comprised...