Homeless adults, especially those with chronic medical illnesses, are frequent users of costly services, emergency department and hospital services.To assess the effectiveness a case management housing program in reducing use urgent services among homeless adults illnesses.Randomized controlled trial conducted at public teaching private, nonprofit Chicago, Illinois. Participants were 407 social worker-referred illnesses (89% referrals) from September 2003 until May 2006, follow-up through...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates are lower among Latinos and people living in poverty. Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) is one recommended modality that may overcome cost access barriers. However, the ability of FOBT to reduce CRC mortality depends on high adherence annual screening.To determine whether a multifaceted intervention increases compared with usual care.Patient-level randomized controlled trial conducted network community health centers. Included were 450 patients who had...

Concerns have been raised that community participation might compromise scientific rigor in community-based participatory research (CBPR).The purpose of this paper is to identify potential sources tension between the values and CBPR.CBPR lies at nexus two major underlying ethical concerns--respect for autonomy fair allocation limited public resources--which generated considerable controversy about appropriate criteria evaluating CBPR grant proposals. The complexity proposals compounded by...

We assessed the health impact of a housing and case management program, Chicago Housing for Health Partnership, homeless people with HIV.HIV-positive inpatients at public hospital (n = 105) were randomized to usual care or permanent intensive management. The primary outcome was survival intact immunity, defined as CD4 count > 200 viral load < 100,000. Secondary outcomes loads, undetectable counts.Outcomes available 94 105 enrollees (90%). Of 54 intervention participants, 35 (65%) reached in...

Cattle are our most important livestock species because of their production and role in human culture. Many breeds that differ appearance, performance environmental adaptation kept on all inhabited continents, but the historic origin diverse phenotypes is not always clear. We give an account history cattle by integrating archaeological record pictorial or written sources, scarce until 300 years ago, with recent contributions DNA analysis. describe domestication wild ancestor, migrations to...

Objective To assess the costs of a housing and case management program in novel sample—homeless adults with chronic medical illnesses. Data Source The study used data from multiple sources: (1) electronic records for hospital, emergency room, ambulatory mental health visits; (2) institutional regional databases days respite centers, jails, or prisons; (3) interviews nursing homes, shelters, substance abuse treatment manager visits. Total were estimated using unit each service. Study Design...

Objectives. Homeless individuals experience high rates of physical and mental illness, increased mortality, frequent hospitalizations. Respite care provides homeless with housing services allowing more complete recovery from illnesses stabilization chronic conditions. Methods. We investigated respite care’s impact on 225 hospitalized adults consecutively referred an urban public hospital during a 26-month period. The cohort was separated into 2 groups: (1) patients accepted the center (2)...

This article provides a critical analysis of the growing use social marketing in field health promotion. In response to recent by A. Hastings and G. Haywood (Health Promotion International, 6, 135–134), three questions are asked about each proposed tenets marketing: these ideas new? they more effective than current promotion practices? do raise any particular ethical concerns? On counts, suggests that purported benefits might not be as great proponents claim. There also some problematic...

The paper describes the difficulties encountered in trying to combine qualitative and quantitative research methods a study of relationship between moral reasoning teenage drug use. Four problems that arose attempt reduce data format are described. These are: (1) making analytic sense singular responses; (2) mistaken logical inference demands each pattern judgment should have discrete behavioral indicators; (3) construction use ideal types; (4) universal responses. roots these then traced...

Purpose To examine how quality of life (QOL) is prospectively conceptualized, defined, and measured in the symptom management clinical trials supported by National Cancer Institute Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP). Methods All QOL research objectives, rationales, assessment instruments, symptoms treated, types interventions from CCOP portfolio were extracted analyzed. Results assessments proposed 68 (52%) 130 total initiated since 1987. A 22 global instruments identified. Both...

African American men continue to bear a disproportionate share of the burden disease. Engaging these in health research and promotion programs—especially lower-income, who are vulnerable chronic disease conditions such as obesity heart disease—has historically proven quite difficult for researchers public practitioners. The few effective outreach strategies identified literature date largely limited recruiting through hospital clinics, churches, barbershops. Men Color Health Awareness...

This article describes two models for thinking about the purposes of health education—a medical model and an educationmodel—andtraces how concerns validity research have driven preferencefor model. In model, purpose education is to develop effective interventions that will prevent people from adopting unhealthy behaviors. Here, educators are expected replicate methods identified by researchers effect targeted changes in behavior. The then alternative way education. pursuing a philosophy...

In the light of growing involvement community advisory boards (CABs) in health research, this study presents empirical findings functions and operations CABs HIV/AIDS vaccine trials South Africa. The individual focus group interviews with CAB members, principal investigators, research staff, educators, recruiters, ethics committee trial participants African AIDS Vaccine Initiative (SAAVI) staff members demonstrated differences respondents' perceptions roles responsibilities CABs. These...

Purpose: To examine whether food insecurity longitudinally affects smoking status. Design: Population-based prospective study Setting: Data from the 2003 and 2015 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Participants: Four thousand five hundred sixty-three adults who were smokers nonsmokers, participating in (current baseline) follow-up) waves PSID. Measures: Based on self-reported status at baseline follow-up, respondents categorized as continued smoking, stopped started nonsmoking....

To identify major research-design issues in proposals submitted by investigators the Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) for clinical trials of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) cancer-symptom management.We conducted content analysis all scientific reviews concepts protocols CCOP to National Cancer Institute (NCI) research challenges conducting designed evaluate CAM interventions management.Since inception NCI Office Complementary Alternative Medicine 1998, a total 46...

Ethical guidelines for conducting clinical trials have historically been based on a perceived therapeutic obligation to treat and benefit the patient-participants. The origins of this ethical framework can be traced Hippocratic oath originally written guide doctors in caring their patients, where overriding moral is strictly do what best individual patient, irrespective other social considerations. In contrast, although medicine focuses health person, public concerned with entire population,...