This systematic review assesses the impact of mental health problems upon attitudes, intentions and behaviours in context radicalisation terrorism. We identified 25 studies that measured rates across 28 samples. The prevalence are heterogenous range from 0% to 57%. If we pool results those samples (n = 19) purely focused confirmed diagnoses where sample sizes known 1705 subjects), suggest arate 14.4% with aconfirmed diagnosis. Where relied wholly, or some form, privileged access police...

The growing evidence base of risk factors for violent extremism demonstrates overlaps with different types gender-based behaviours, such as intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and harassment. Each these manifestations violence are, to a varying extent, underpinned by misogynistic hypermasculine attitudes behaviours. present analysis aims address the limited empirical research on links between misogyny, extremism, conducting survey-based analyses employing newly developed validated...

Abstract Improvements have been made in identifying the prevalence of risk factors/indicators for violent extremism. A consistent problem is lack base rates. How to develop rates equal concern. This study has two aims: (i) compare methods developing rates; Unmatched Count Technique (UCT) and direct questioning, (ii) generate a general population sample these lone‐actor terrorists (n = 125). We surveyed 2108 subjects from population. Participants were recruited an online access panel randomly...

Exposure to radicalizing information has been associated with support for violent extremism. It is, however, unclear whether specific use behavior, namely, a distinct pattern of incidental exposure (IE) and active selection (AS) content, indicates stronger extremist attitudes radical action intentions. Drawing on representative general population sample ( N = 1509) applying latent class analysis, we addressed this gap in the literature. Results highlighted six types behavior. The largest...

Research suggests that lone-actor terrorists and mass murderers may be better conceptualized as grievance-fueled violence (LAGFV) offenders, rather than distinct types. The present study sought to examine the extent which these offenders could (or not) disaggregated along dimensions relevant threat assessment of both. Drawing on a Risk Analysis Framework (RAF), offending process was theorized interactions among propensity, situation, preparatory, leakage network indicators. We analyzed...

Research Summary The lone‐actor terrorist population can be extremely heterogeneous and difficult to detect. Intelligence is vital countering this threat. We devise a typology of person–exposure patterns (PEPs) that could serve as framework for intelligence gathering threat assessment. use cluster analysis risk (RAF) identify relations among three components: propensity, situation, network. results the reveal four PEPs: solitary, susceptible, situational, selection. solitary PEP lacks common...

Many early published analyses of the terrorist placed psychopathy as core explanatory variable for behaviour. This speculative opinion was derived mainly from popular culture, and desire to attribute mental disorders those committing such violent acts. Poor research designs a lack empiricism ultimately undermined these arguments in favour terrorism being rooted personality. Multiple studies supporting psychopathic personality-level explanations were conducted absence rigorous clinical...

As research on violent extremism continues to progress beyond some of the field's earlier challenges, new ways gathering primary source data are becoming increasingly popular. One such collection methodology implemented widely across parallel fields is crowdsourcing: process information, or input, from large numbers people, either for payment not, online. In this note, we present a brief introduction crowdsourcing, highlight popular platform samples online, Prolific, and four studies...

The investigation undertaken in this paper arose out of a suggestion that the deflexion circular steel plate, firmly held at edge, might be used as measure high explosive pressures. plate would securely screwed into, and form base of, cylindrical closed vessel usual type, measurement made normal central its external flat surface. These deflexions, which are, course, necessarily small, can suitably magnified by optical means, thus pressure-time curve explosion obtained way.

This study examines how behavioral indicators co-occur as "risk profiles" across different domains relevant to risk assessment theorized by a Risk Analysis Framework, and these profiles impact upon vulnerability radicalization. We unpack both the inter- intra-domain relationships among profiles, identifying relative importance of cumulative or interactive effects. apply latent class analysis, series ANOVAs, moderator analyses sample UK population (n = 1,500). examine relate scores on...

Increasingly, studies compare risk and protective factors for involvement in violent nonviolent terrorist behaviors. This exploratory study investigates whether this distinction is sufficient, or it should be disaggregated further into more granular roles Using data on 404 referrals to a UK countering extremism Prevent hub specializing mental health associated needs, we referrals, then specific behaviors (vulnerability, proactive extremism, foreign fighting, violence planning). Bivariate...

A public health approach to countering the threat from extremism aims manage vulnerability before behaviour escalates require involvement criminal justice system. Fundamental applying a is understanding how risk (and protective) factors can be modified, in other words, functional roles of these factors. To unpack factors, more dynamic modelling complex relationships between needed. In present study we surveyed representative sample UK general population (n = 1500) where participants...

The history of policing is littered with reform programmes, which aim to improve effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy. Problem-oriented (POP) evidence-based (EBP) are two popular enduring efforts, both have generated significant researcher practitioner attention. There important similarities between POP EBP: approaches provide a framework intended the outcomes policing. also key differences, however, in terms their main objectives, standards evidence units analysis. Despite being widely...

Evidence shows that the application of problem-oriented policing can be effective in reducing a wide range crime and public safety issues, but approach is challenging to implement sustain. This article examines police perceptions experiences regarding organisational barriers facilitators implementation delivery policing. Drawing on surveys (n = 4141) interviews with 86) personnel from 19 forces England Wales, we identify five key policing: leadership governance, capacity, structures...

OBJECTIVE.This study details the development and validation of 12-item Exposure to Violent Extremism Scale .We aimed undertake a transparent robust process scale present tool facilitate research on relationship between exposure violent extremism.METHOD: First, we generated an initial item pool evaluated items via expert feedback (n = 6) task designed assess comprehension 13; Study 1).Second, explored underlying factor structure with exploratory analysis (EFA) characteristics response theory...

Within studies critically examining terrorist behaviour, the examination of mental health has largely focused on relationship with movement towards involvement. The impact engagement in terrorism upon rarely been studied. However, recent research shown that there is an association between and occurrence problems across spectrum This work therefore expands previous research, disaggregates three discrete stages involvement; pre-engagement, engagement, disengagement, to examine role...

Abstract Purpose Zmigrod et al. (2019a, Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 989) demonstrated that lower levels of cognitive flexibility predict a higher willingness to fight and die for the national in‐group. We conducted registered direct replication their Study 1. Extending original study, we examined whether documented relationship held when self‐report measure was introduced identity fusion controlled for. also investigated inflexibility predicts normative pro‐group behaviour intentions....

The growing evidence base of risk factors for violent extremism demonstrates overlaps with parallel problem areas like domestic violence, mass murder, and stalking. Yet, empirical research examining the overlap among these domains is limited. present analysis aims to address lack on relationship between misogyny, extremism, interpersonal violence by conducting survey-based analyses employing a newly developed validated psychometric scale measure misogyny. Based UK nationally representative...

ABSTRACT Best practice in violent extremist risk assessment and management recommends adopting a Structured Professional Judgement (SPJ) approach. The SPJ approach identifies relevant, evidence‐based protective factors requires experts to articulate hypotheses about a) what the person might do (risk of what), b) how they've come engage concerning behaviour (and why) (Logan 2021) inform who, needs what, when. Whilst field continues move towards an approach, there remains gap between is known...

Purpose Research assessing violent extremist risk factors thus far largely ignored the role of cognitive processes. Zmigrod and colleagues (2019a) addressed this gap presented first systematic evidence that lower levels flexibility predict a higher willingness to fight and, ultimately, die for national ingroup. This finding has important theoretical practical implications. In order strengthen potential contribution et al.’s work, we will conduct registered direct replication Study 1....

Fixated individuals pose a significant threat to public figures. Previous research compares labeled ‘approachers’ those ‘communicators.’ Typically, such studies compare number of risk factors among the two groups identify differences. This has impactful implications for assessment and management pathologically fixated. The present study builds upon this established body work by considering if more nuance can be disaggregated from universe cases referred Threat Assessment Center (FTAC). FTAC...