For phased array receivers, mutual coupling leads to beam-dependent active impedances which must be taken into account when matching the ports front end amplifiers for optimal noise performance. We study penalty several conditions and develop a condition that minimizes average beam equivalent receiver temperature over multiple beams. non-beamforming applications such as input output communications, we show performance coupled arrays can quantified using spectrum of an correlation matrix.

This study presents new techniques for implementing continuous-time second-order band-pass filters with high-quality factors and asymmetric slopes. The are centred around the realisation of two non-conventional transfer functions which include non-integer-order Laplacian operator sα; 0<α<1. Four main possible circuit realisations; one based on a frequency-dependent negative resistor (FDNR), another an inductor multiple amplifier biquads (MABs) given verified using Spice experimentally both...

This paper discusses the design of a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) class-J GaN power amplifier (PA). Theoretical derivations optimum load impedances, output power, and efficiency are presented to demonstrate their dependence on quality factor inductor used in matching network. A group curves obtained select transistor size impedance according required for given loss. An analytical-based methodology using is proposed. To verify accuracy this analytical approach, an 0.5-W 15-V...

This paper discusses noise figure optimization techniques for inductively degenerated cascode CMOS low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) with on-chip gate inductors. Seven different optimizations are discussed. Of these, five new cases provide power match and balance the transistor contribution from all parasitic resistances in circuit to achieve best performance under constraints of integrated inductor quality factor, consumption, gain. Three matched (two constrained a gain-and-power optimization)...

This paper presents a wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) designed to be used as the first stage of receiver in Square Kilometer Array radio telescope. The LNA design procedure and its layout features are discussed. noise figure optimization determines signal-source resistance that results reduced figure. When telescope, required will presented by telescope custom-made antenna elements. LNA, 90 nm bulk CMOS, achieves sub-0.2 dB from 800 MHz 1400 MHz, return loss more than 11 dB, gain 17...

A continuous-time (CT) radio frequency (RF) antenna array beamformer and analog circuit based on a discrete-space-continuous-time (DSCT) 2-D fan-filter having transfer function H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F,A</sub> (z xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ,s xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ct</sub> ) is derived. The proposed FIR discrete domain fan filter. prototype converted to the mixed-domain DSCT...

This paper presents an inductorless 0.13- μm CMOS TIA structure that is a modified version of regulated cascode (RGC) TIA. An immittance converter incorporated to reduce power consumption while increasing transimpedance gain. Measured 3-dB bandwidth 7 GHz, sufficient for 10-Gb/s operation, in the presence 250 fF capacitance at input, representative typical photodiode capacitance. The gain single-stage 50 dBΩ, and group-delay variation less than ±19 ps over bandwidth. circuit occupies active...

This brief presents a novel wide-bandwidth second-order voltage-mode all-pass filter derived from canonical single transistor bandpass filter. The core of the circuit consists only one transistor, two resistors, and energy storage elements. operation proposed is validated experimentally. A implemented in an IBM 0.13-μm CMOS was measured to have 55-ps group delay across 6-GHz bandwidth while consuming 18.5 mW 1.5-V supply. work experimentally demonstrates that operates at multigigahertz...

This paper proposes a low-complexity wideband beamforming subarray for millimeter wave (mmW) 5G wireless communications. The multibeam is based on using novel delay Vandermonde matrix (DVM) algorithm to efficiently generate analog true-time-delay beams that have no beam squint. A factorization the DVM leading realizations provided and complexity analysis real complex inputs derived. special case of but with nodes lack any properties (unlike discrete Fourier transform matrix). Error bounds...

This work analyzes the implications of noise coupling in arrays antennas on design low-noise amplifiers (LNAs). To select LNA parameters a manner familiar to designers, effective temperatures T <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sup> LNAs are presented. The effect beamformer coefficients and antenna is analyzed similar stand-alone analysis. leads proposed strategy selecting Γ <sub...

This paper presents a 5-bit noninterleaved time-based analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which operates at 5-GS/s rate. The ADC is designed for the use in radio-astronomy telescopes, time interleaving not acceptable. employs dynamic, differential voltage-to-time converter, folded-flash time-to-digital (TDC), and calibration circuitry. To generate reference delays, circuitry utilizes delay-time network, to map input voltage range into 16 equal intervals that are used of TDC. 65-nm CMOS...

A 4-bit 65nm time-based analog-to-digital converter (ADC) targeting the next-generation Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is presented. This ADC composed of an analog voltage-to-time (VTC) front end and a digital time-to-digital (TDC) back end. The two components can be physically separated to minimize impact noise from on high-gain, high-sensitivity receiver chains common in radio telescopes. At sampling rate 5 GS/s consumes 35 mW 1 V supply. After calibration, achieves peak SNDR 22.9 dB, SFDR...

A CMOS wide-bandwidth first-order current-mode all-pass filter (APF) is discussed. The circuit consists of one transistor, a resistor, grounded inductor, and load. When used with current mirror as the load, exhibits high output impedance, which advantageous from an integration point view enables this configuration to be cascaded circuits. operation proposed experimentally validated. APF implemented in IBM 0.13-μm was measured have pole-zero pair located at 8.32 GHz achieve 55 ps group delay...

Several signal-source impedances (admittances) are required to fully characterize the noise behavior of a linear device. This paper expands theory choosing admittances for parameter extraction by finding sets that guaranteed form systems linearly independent equations. A minimal set four is chosen from admittance regions. Most prior methods require least-squares solution parameters, using redundant number admittances. The proposed method employs direct parameters also allows adapting...

A new method for designing wideband noise- and power-matched source-degenerated cascode LNAs is presented. At the core of selection transistor size biasing that simultaneously minimize difference between LNA noise factor minimum factor, as well reduce sensitivity to frequency. An experimental demonstration presented with a 0.13-μm CMOS exhibiting <; -12-dB S11, 10-dB gain, 2.5-dB NF, which remains within 2.8% figure, from 4 8 GHz while consuming 12.8 mW power.

This paper compares the performance of source-tuner noise-parameter extraction methods used to measure noise parameters low-noise amplifiers that have very low (1 dB) figures. The discussed are known as Cold method and modified <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y</i> -factor (or Hot-Cold method). describes equations in algorithms. In a Monte Carlo analysis by randomly adding various sources uncertainties ¿measurements,¿ created with...

An active electronically scanned array (AESA) beamforming method that provides enhanced selectivity (interference rejection) for the same number of antennas compared to conventional delay-and-sum (DAS) is proposed. Conventional DAS 2-D transfer function modified by introducing complex pole-manifolds based on recently proposed infinite impulse response (IIR) beam filters, at guaranteed stability. A continuous-time domain signal flow graph first order all-pass filters eliminate need...

Emerging millimeter-wave (mmW) wireless systems require beamforming and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) approaches in order to mitigate path loss, obstructions, attenuation of the communication channel. Sharp mmW beams are essential for this purpose must support baseband bandwidths at least 1 GHz facilitate higher system capacity. This paper explores a multi-beamforming method based on spatial Fourier transform. Approximate computing techniques used propose low-complexity fast...

The University of Calgary and the National Research Council (NRC) Canada are developing a low-noise ambient-temperature phased-array demonstrator for possible use in Square Kilometer Array radio telescope. In December 2014, NRC made noise measurements Advanced Focal Demonstrator equipped with CMOS low amplifiers (LNAs) designed by Calgary. LNAs were specifically antenna array operating range from 0.7 to 1.5 GHz. beam-equivalent measurements, using an ambient load as hot sky cold load, show...

This brief examines the theoretical interdependence of low-noise-amplifier (LNA) performance parameters to identify four figures merit (FoMs) that enable comparison LNAs. FoM limits are also estimated limitations and quantify room for improvement. Finally, results a regression analysis on nearly 500 CMOS LNAs, published over past 20 years, compared identified trends, with findings showing reasonable agreement despite adoption some simplifying assumptions.

This letter describes analog delays based on wideband, high-order, tunable active all-pass filters (APFs) with poles and zeros prescribed by the Padé approximation. The number of inductors in <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> th-order APF does not exceed notation="LaTeX">$\lfloor n/2\rfloor $ for a compact area, low insertion loss, wide bandwidth. Delay...

In this work, we propose a novel compact wideband high-order all-pass-filter (APF) topology for use as an analog delay circuit. This avoids conventional cascading, which degrades bandwidth and increases power consumption. It consists of common-source transistor passive impedance network whose order can be increased via passive-impedance-network extension. To increase reduce circuit area, the inductors are reduced by factor N2, where N is Norton-transformation coefficient. The viability...

A CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) is proposed for a proof-of-concept design of the square kilometer array (SKA) radio telescope. novel variation on well-known source-degenerated LNA topology introduced that allows tuning power match centre frequency independently from at which LNAs figure approaches its minimum noise. The 0.7-1.4 GHz designed in 0.18mum achieves better than 11 dB return loss with temperature 40 K, provides gain 17 and IP1dB -10dBm while consuming 50 mW 1.8 V supply. procedure...