A wide-angle Michelson Doppler imaging interferometer (WAMDII) is described that intended to measure upper atmospheric winds and temperatures from naturally occurring visible region emissions, using Spacelab as a platform. It an achromatic field-widened instrument, with good thermal stability, employs four quarterwave phase-stepped images generate full of velocity, temperature, emission rate. For apparent rate 5 kR binning into 85 × 105 pixels, the required exposure time 1 sec. The concept...

The V5 ultraviolet auroral imager is one of a complement experiments launched into polar orbit aboard the Swedish spacecraft Viking in February 1986. consists two intensified wide‐angle f/1 cameras, identical except passband, with electronic despinning providing exposure times second. Critical to use tapered fiber optic bundles remove distortions generated when spherical focal surface Burch configuration camera projected onto plane charge coupled detector. Data acquired by are telemetered...

A fine resolution and process scalable CMOS time-to-digital converter (TDC) architecture is presented. 6-bit TDC design using the new evaluated for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging application. The uses a hierarchical delay processing structure to achieve single cycle latency high speed of operation. converter, realized in 130 nm CMOS, designed operate over reference clock frequency 500 MHz but can be scaled multi GHz operation through time interleaving. Without external...

This paper discusses noise figure optimization techniques for inductively degenerated cascode CMOS low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) with on-chip gate inductors. Seven different optimizations are discussed. Of these, five new cases provide power match and balance the transistor contribution from all parasitic resistances in circuit to achieve best performance under constraints of integrated inductor quality factor, consumption, gain. Three matched (two constrained a gain-and-power optimization)...

This paper presents a wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) designed to be used as the first stage of receiver in Square Kilometer Array radio telescope. The LNA design procedure and its layout features are discussed. noise figure optimization determines signal-source resistance that results reduced figure. When telescope, required will presented by telescope custom-made antenna elements. LNA, 90 nm bulk CMOS, achieves sub-0.2 dB from 800 MHz 1400 MHz, return loss more than 11 dB, gain 17...

This paper presents an inductorless 0.13- μm CMOS TIA structure that is a modified version of regulated cascode (RGC) TIA. An immittance converter incorporated to reduce power consumption while increasing transimpedance gain. Measured 3-dB bandwidth 7 GHz, sufficient for 10-Gb/s operation, in the presence 250 fF capacitance at input, representative typical photodiode capacitance. The gain single-stage 50 dBΩ, and group-delay variation less than ±19 ps over bandwidth. circuit occupies active...

In this article, the large-signal, small-signal, and noise performance of Cherry-Hooper amplifier with emitter-follower feedback are analyzed from a design perspective. A method for choosing component values to obtain low group delay distortion or Bessel transfer function is given. The theory illustrated an implementation circuit in 47-GHz SiGe process. has 19.7-dB gain, 13.7-GHz bandwidth, /spl plusmn/10-ps distortion. core consumes 34 mW -3.3-V supply.

A novel 0.13mum CMOS integrated linear voltage to pulse delay time converter (VTC) is proposed. The VTC architecture uses current starved inverters where the inverter versus input characteristic linearized by using several parallel starving devices with different gate bias voltages and amounts of source degeneration. operates at a clock frequency up 500 MHz. Input signals 2 GHz can be converted delays VTC's in parallel. Since conversion essentially done single stage no sample-and-hold needed...

A 10-Gb/s SiGe HBT tapped delay Hilbert transformer (HT) integrated circuit (IC) is described. The four tap filter uses an LC transmission line with a total of 180ps, and the HT has nominal group 120ps. fabricated in 47-GHz f/sub T/ process consumes 112mW from -3.3-V supply. Measured s-parameters time domain waveforms are shown to agree theory. Measurements optical single sideband system indicate that 7dB broadband suppression obtainable using IC.

The low-frequency noise in silicon JFET's was measured continuously for temperatures varying from 30 to 300 K. Distinct peaks the were observed all transistors tested, suggesting presence of distinct trapping levels forbidden gap. An attempt match theory with experiment indicates that one can be explained by gold as expected. However, a discrete level cannot explain second peak noise, unrealistic capture cross sections traps would required. It appears mechanism causing this also contributes...

A wideband radio-frequency (RF) power detection system is presented. The technique uses NMOS devices operating in the triode regime to generate an average current proportional RF input power; this converted voltage and amplified using a piecewise linear logarithmic approximation. Optimization of discussed, method gain control proposed for compensation temperature process variation. detector occupies active area 0.36 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

This paper presents a 5-bit noninterleaved time-based analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which operates at 5-GS/s rate. The ADC is designed for the use in radio-astronomy telescopes, time interleaving not acceptable. employs dynamic, differential voltage-to-time converter, folded-flash time-to-digital (TDC), and calibration circuitry. To generate reference delays, circuitry utilizes delay-time network, to map input voltage range into 16 equal intervals that are used of TDC. 65-nm CMOS...

A 40 dB dynamic range, DC-4 GHz parallel-summation logarithmic amplifier is presented in this paper. The realizes a piecewise approximation to an exact response. design procedure that yields breakpoints on the response described, along with delay-matching networks for amplifiers. was constructed 35 silicon bipolar process, has /spl plusmn/5 conformity over bandwidth and rise fall times of 100 ps. integrated circuit dimensions 2/spl times/2 mm/sup 2/ consumes 750 mW from -5 V supply.

The Ultraviolet Imager on the Viking Spacecraft provides global images of aurora in both night and day hemispheres at rates up to three per minute. First results summarized this a set eight companion papers reveal new aspects patterns dynamics aurora, including eastward as well westward expanding substorm intensifications, but very little evidence bulk motion auroral surges; rapid poleward equatorward expansions during some substorms, resulting formation an intense eye‐shaped bulge...

A 4-bit 65nm time-based analog-to-digital converter (ADC) targeting the next-generation Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is presented. This ADC composed of an analog voltage-to-time (VTC) front end and a digital time-to-digital (TDC) back end. The two components can be physically separated to minimize impact noise from on high-gain, high-sensitivity receiver chains common in radio telescopes. At sampling rate 5 GS/s consumes 35 mW 1 V supply. After calibration, achieves peak SNDR 22.9 dB, SFDR...

Benzbromarone is a potent uricosuric but not widely available due to concerns about hepatotoxicity. In Aotearoa New Zealand, benzbromarone has been since April 2013, subject funding restrictions, for patients with inadequate urate-lowering response or intolerance allopurinol and probenecid.To assess the safety efficacy of in real-life setting.All who received from 1 2013 30 September 2014 were identified. Prescribers sent questionnaire each individual. Information on demographics, previous...

A three-pole 0.1 dB ripple Chebyshev series-C coupled resonator bandpass filter with transformer-based Q-enhancement is presented. This technique compensates loss and produces a flat passband response low insertion loss. The compensation scheme uses frequency-dependent negative resistance to compensate inductor losses, avoiding distortion, which problem cross-coupled circuits. Fabricated in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS, the measured center frequency 2368 MHz 60 (3 dB) bandwidth, including probe pad...

A sub-sampling mixer that incorporates sampling switches and hold capacitors into the parallel resonant LC load of an LNA is proposed. The noise figure proposed lower than a standard circuit because has narrow-band gain input filtering properties. novel level-shifting clock buffer with fast rise fall times to drive presented. was fabricated in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process measured results are presented for RF frequency 2.42 GHz 100 MHz. With 21.8 dB, shows improved performance compared other...

This paper compares the performance of source-tuner noise-parameter extraction methods used to measure noise parameters low-noise amplifiers that have very low (1 dB) figures. The discussed are known as Cold method and modified <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y</i> -factor (or Hot-Cold method). describes equations in algorithms. In a Monte Carlo analysis by randomly adding various sources uncertainties ¿measurements,¿ created with...

The University of Calgary and the National Research Council (NRC) Canada are developing a low-noise ambient-temperature phased-array demonstrator for possible use in Square Kilometer Array radio telescope. In December 2014, NRC made noise measurements Advanced Focal Demonstrator equipped with CMOS low amplifiers (LNAs) designed by Calgary. LNAs were specifically antenna array operating range from 0.7 to 1.5 GHz. beam-equivalent measurements, using an ambient load as hot sky cold load, show...

A tunable transformer-based Q-enhancement method for monolithic inductors used in parallel resonant LC tanks is presented. The Q of the inductor that forms transformer primary enhanced by cancelling voltage drop across series loss resistance with a opposite polarity induced current secondary. circuit allows DC control Q-enhancement. Techniques to address stability issues associated positive feedback are described. was fabricated 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS and performance verified experimentally.

A precision operational amplifier has been developed for instrumentation applications in which the circuitry must operate ambient temperatures as high 200/spl deg/C. At deg/C maintains an input offset voltage and current of less than 200 /spl mu/V 1 nA respectively, a gain bandwidth product 2.2 MHz, slew rate 5.4 V//spl mu/S. The is fabricated standard CMOS process consumes 5.5 mW power at supply 5 V. continuous time auto-zeroed topology used to achieve low levels. leakage currents sample...

This paper describes current state-of-the-art research on low power wireless systems for medical applications. Distinct design criteria and challenges in this area are addressed. A study of existing technologies their key applications presented. brief assessment future trends medicine with a focus emerging is provided. Finally, number different energy-scavenging techniques the development autonomous nodes reviewed.

A CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) is proposed for a proof-of-concept design of the square kilometer array (SKA) radio telescope. novel variation on well-known source-degenerated LNA topology introduced that allows tuning power match centre frequency independently from at which LNAs figure approaches its minimum noise. The 0.7-1.4 GHz designed in 0.18mum achieves better than 11 dB return loss with temperature 40 K, provides gain 17 and IP1dB -10dBm while consuming 50 mW 1.8 V supply. procedure...