Abstract Millimeter-wave (mmWave) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing are two key technologies for modern wireless communications, where significant efforts have been devoted to combining these extremely high channel capacities. Recently, programmable metasurfaces extensively studied stimulating dynamic multi-mode OAM beams, owing their ability of subtle modulation over electromagnetic waves in a digital manner. However, mmWave stimulation rarely mentioned, due the requirement...

Abstract Programmable metasurfaces enable fine‐grained real‐time modulation over electromagnetic (EM) waves in a digital manner, which have gained remarkable attention antenna engineering and wireless communications. However, either reflective or transmissive programmable metasurface requires an external feed source with significant distance to the metasurface, making whole device relatively high profile as well low efficiency result of spillover losses. In this paper, innovative design...

Analyzing the characteristics of water resource utilization and forecasting future supply–demand dynamics are great practical significance for planning allocation. This study focuses on challenges in energy cities located semi-arid regions, using Qingyang City as a case study. The demand various sectors was simulated projected, balance under different socioeconomic climate scenarios analyzed Shared Socioeconomic Pathways framework combined with model data. research addresses gap existing...

Programmable metasurfaces have great potential for the implementation of low-complexity and low-cost phased arrays. Due to difficulty multiple-bit phase control, conventional programmable suffer a relatively high sidelobe level (SLL). In this manuscript, time modulation strategy is introduced in 1-bit transmissive metasurface reducing SLLs generated patterns. After periodic modulation, harmonics are each reconfigurable unit first-order harmonic can be dynamically controlled by applying...

A single square patch antenna for pattern diversity is investigated. The proposed consists of a double-feed with rat-race network. By switching the feeding ports, different radiation patterns two modes ( TM10 mode and capacitive-loaded monopole radiating mode) operating over an overlapped frequency band from 1.88 to 2.34 GHz are achieved. reveals good broadside patterns, shows conical patterns. fabricated tested. measured gains across common 8.9-9.9 2.8-3.8 dBi mode, respectively. Moreover,...

Abstract Filaments play a crucial role in providing the necessary environmental conditions for star formation, actively participating process. To facilitate identification and analysis of filaments, we introduce Directional Positional Consistency between Clumps (DPConCFil), suite algorithms comprising one method two methods. The first method, consistency-based approach, uses directional positional consistency among neighboring clumps local filament axes to identify filaments...

Pilot spoofing attack is a serious threat to timedivision duplex (TDD) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (TDD-OFDM) system. By employing identical pilot tones as legitimate receiver, an adversary can contaminate the uplink channel estimation between transceiver pair. To solve this problem, we in paper propose independent component analysis (ICA) based and identification mechanism with subcarrier-block discriminating coding (SBDC) technique (ICA-SBDC). Firstly, receiver randomizes...

The three articles in this special section focus are devoted to sharing state-of-the-art research on private blockchain industrial IoT (Internet of Things). A is a decentralized and distributed ledger with chain network blocks recording historical transactions. transaction record action. inside the block will be of: sensing/saving data, assembling parts, depositing money, processing business deal, ordering/ delivering product part, notarizing paperwork, so on. Blockchains categorized into...

Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) free inverted organic solar cells (IOSCs) based on aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) cathode, low-temperature aqueous solution processed (ZnO) electron extraction layer, and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl):[6, 6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester blend were realized in this work. The resulted IOSC with ZnO annealed at 150 °C shows the superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.01%, if decreasing annealing temperature to 100 °C, obtained also a PCE 2.76%, no...

A polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna is proposed without orthogonal feeding network. The composed of a suspended patch, two printed probes and simple switch circuit. Reconfigurable circularly polarization, i.e., right-hand circular (RHCP) or left-hand (LHCP), produced by controlling the states prototype designed tested. simulation measurement results show that demonstrates wide impedance bandwidth good axial ratio in polarized states.

This article proposes a synthesis method of orthogonal beamforming networks (BFNs) with arbitrary ports. The proposed is based on matrix decomposition theory and breakthrough the synthesized BFN number to arbitrary. It has been theoretically demonstrated that cascading 180° hybrid couplers can synthesize shaped beams. Therefore, combines <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">QR</i> optimization algorithm introduced. With help an...

Optimal antenna placement for target detection using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system with widely separated antennas is studied in this paper. Considering the problem of placing a limited number transmit given space to maximize performance, an optimization formulated output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) indicator as performance metric. The initial nonlinear integer programming problem, and increase antennas, computational complexity traditional methods can be huge. In paper,...

ITO-free semitransparent organic solar cells (OSCs) based on MoO 3 /Ag anodes with poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester films as the active layer are investigated in this work. To obtain optimal transparent (MoO )/Ag anode, reference OSCs firstly fabricated. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.71% is obtained for (2 nm)/Ag (9 nm) comparable to that ITO-based (PCE 2.85%). Then different thickness combination Ca Ag cathodes investigated. It observed from...

An orthogonal beam-forming network (BFN) is proposed for 4G pattern-diversity applications.Different from the traditional Butler networks with 2 N beams, BFN, composed of three 180 • hybrids and a 90 phase shifter, provides beams.Design procedure BFN based on factorization its transmission matrix derived.Moreover, in order to implement low insertion loss, ratrace has been used realize unequal power distribution between two output ports.The measured scattering parameters are compared...

A feeding network with arbitrary I/O ports and excitations is useful in wireless communication systems, especially near-field focusing (NFF) scenarios, where the excitation weights should take antenna position into consideration. In this paper, a new synthesis methodology based on modified QR factorization theory for has been proposed. By establishing mapping relationship of complex Givens rotation matrix multiport devices, transmission orthogonal can be decomposed matrices cascading....

Abstract Termites have always been one of the major hidden dangers to operational safety dams. Traditional detection methods such as manual inspection and termite baiting limitations in terms efficiency accuracy. To solve problems, paper proposes a nest method based on ground penetrating radar (GPR) deep learning. First, simulated GPR data are generated using gprMax software, real collected at several Subsequently, YOLOv8 neural network is employed for recognition images. The experimental...