In exsolution, nanoparticles form by emerging from oxide hosts application of redox driving forces, leading to transformative advances in stability, activity, and efficiency over deposition techniques, resulting a wide range new opportunities for catalytic, energy net-zero-related technologies. However, the mechanism exsolved nanoparticle nucleation perovskite structural evolution, has, date, remained unclear. Herein, we shed light on this elusive process following real time Ir emergence...

The creation of nanomaterials requires simultaneous control not only crystalline structure and composition but also crystal shape size, or morphology, which can pose a significant synthetic challenge. Approaches to address this challenge include creating nanocrystals whose morphologies echo their underlying structures, such as the growth platelets two-dimensional layered conversely attempting decouple morphology from by converting after first crystals with desired morphology. A particularly...

Graphite IG-110 is a synthetic polycrystalline material used as neutron moderator in reactors. inherently brittle and known to exhibit further increase brittleness due radiation damage at room temperature. To understand the irradiation effects on pre-existing defects their overall influence external load, micropillar compression tests were performed using situ nanoindentation Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for both pristine ion-irradiated samples. While specimens showed subsequent...

High-power electronics, such as GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), are expected to perform reliably in high-temperature conditions. This study aims gain an understanding of the microscopic origin both material and device vulnerabilities temperatures by real-time monitoring onset structural degradation under varying temperature is achieved operating HEMT devices situ inside a transmission microscope (TEM). Electron-transparent specimens prepared from bulk heated up 800 °C....

Herein we report an ultrasonic- and photobased synthetic approach for the production of size-selective SrTiO3 nanomaterials that are surface-decorated with Pd nanoparticle cocatalysts application as photocatalysts organic dye degradation. Control over final size was achieved through selection both reagent concentrations stoichiometries, allowing ability to generate structures sizes between 50 155 nm. nanoparticles were subsequently photochemically deposited onto surface oxide materials serve...

The search for new functional materials that combine high stability and efficiency with reasonable cost ease of synthesis is critical their use in renewable energy applications. Specifically catalysis, nanoparticles, surface-to-volume ratio, can overcome the implications associated otherwise having to large amounts noble metals. However, commercialized materials, is, catalytic nanoparticles deposited on oxide supports, often suffer from loss activity because coarsening carbon deposition...

In situ environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) is an emerging technique among in methods as it allows unique insights into the dynamic processes underlying gas–solid interactions. Aberration-corrected ETEMs providing atomically precise data mimicking benchtop conditions represent state-of-the-art and operando experimentation. New developments ETEM have sparked renewed interest understanding solid–gas interactions, especially regarding catalyst systems, due to their...

Nanostructuring inorganic solids has been effective as a tool to control the identity of thermodynamically stable phase under ambient conditions for many systems. In addition, size effects can alter not only temperature but also other characteristics transformation—such order, mechanism, and kinetics—which may further be responsible transient existence intermediates, both thermodynamic metastable, accessed in bulk. Since understanding mechanism transformation requires local, even atomistic,...

FeS nanoplatelets were synthesized using a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The product is highly crystalline and has preferred growth direction with [001] plate normal. platelet diagonal, thickness, shape can be controlled by varying the iron starting material or surfactant employed in diagonal thickness of found to reduce factors up 22 8×, respectively, when an Fe(II)-containing source—rather than Fe(III)—was Specific combinations source seen determine shape, resulting...

The hollow core, concentric graphitic shells, and large surface area of the carbon nano-onion (CNO) make these nanostructures promising materials for highly efficient catalytic reactions. Doping CNOs with heteroatoms is an effective method changing their physical chemical properties. In cases, configurations locations incorporated dopant atoms must be a key factor dictating activity, yet determining structural arrangement on single-atom length scale challenging. Here we present direct...

A primary mode of failure thin-film coatings is the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients substrate and coating, which results accumulation interfacial stresses ultimately film delamination. While much attention has been devoted to modulation bonding mitigate delamination, current strategies are constrained their generalizability have had limited success imbuing resistance prolonged cycling. We demonstrate here incorporation rigid compensators within polymeric films as a generalizable...

Metastable cubic HfO₂ is prepared by preferential nucleation using a lattice crystallographic relationship.

Abstract The combined effects of high-temperature and heavy-ion irradiation on Mrozowski cracks (MC) nuclear graphite crystallographic dimensions have been studied using in situ heating ion-irradiation the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Electron transparent lamella graphite, IG-110, was irradiated a 2.8 MeV Au beam at an ion flux 3.991 ×10 10 cm −2 s −1 for 70 min 800 °C. Upon irradiation, crack closure quantitatively. analysis showed linear, positive expansion which is...

Time-dependent deformation in nuclear graphite is influenced by the creation and migration of radiation-induced defects reactor environment. This study investigates role pre-existing such as point defect clusters Mrozowski cracks IG-110. Separate specimens were irradiated with a 2.8 MeV Au2+ beam fluence 4.38 × 1014 cm−2 an 8 C2+ 1.24 1016 cm−2. Microscopic either mechanically loaded inside transmission electron microscope (TEM) or subjected to ex situ indentation-based creep loading. In TEM...

Lanthanum telluride (La3–xTe4) is a high-performance, next-generation thermoelectric material with dimensionless figure of merit (zT) 1.1 at 1273 K (x = 0.23) and has potential applications in radioisotope generators (RTGs) to power the space missions conducted by National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA). It been shown that zT can be increased 30% when nickel (Ni) nanoparticle inclusions are introduced La3–xTe4 matrix. The coherent interfaces between Ni likely key factor determining...

Carbon dioxide(CO 2 ) is the principal greenhouse gas contributing to global warming and climate change. Therefore, it imperative develop advanced methods technologies sequestrate or convert CO in atmosphere. Recently, renewable energy driven electrochemical conversion has emerged as a promising route into usable chemicals fuels. Previous studies have shown that metal-free, hetero-atom-doped carbon-based electrodes are cost-effective durable electrocatalyst for reduction of . However,...

Melonie Thomas, a newly qualified Biomedical Science graduate from Southampton University, was the youngest delegate presenting at BioScience2006. Throughout school and university, students face hefty decisions as they pick their options. Many will probably have some doubt about what to study, why want study it or where take them. Not everyone has long-term plan, especially age of 17, it's important point out that (sometimes) this is okay. claims not enjoyed science school. She didn't even...

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an essential in fuel cells and metal-air batteries. One main challenge these energy conversion storage devices the sluggish kinetics of ORR at cathode. It required that electrocatalysts should operate under low overpotential giving high current density for extended running time. To date, platinum (Pt)-based catalysts are most efficient electrocatalyst with density. However, Pt still suffer from over-potential, instability surface poisoning during their...