Power electronics-intensive dc microgrids use increasingly complex software-based controllers and communication networks. They are evolving into cyber-physical systems (CPS) with sophisticated interactions between physical computational processes, making them vulnerable to cyber attacks. This paper presents a framework detect possible false-data injection attacks (FDIAs) in microgrids. The detection problem is formalized as identifying change sets of inferred candidate invariants. Invariants...

Emerging converter-dominated dc microgrids employ distributed cooperative control strategies and communication network. Since there is no central entity to monitor assess the global cyber scenario, employing are prone attacks. This work presents signal temporal logic (STL) detection of two major types attacks, namely false-data injection attacks denial-of-service Such can compromise voltage regulation load sharing in microgrids. STL a formalism output voltages currents against defined...

This paper considers a cooperative and adversarial AC microgrid system consisting of leaders inverters, as well attackers. The attackers aim to destabilize the synchronization dynamics by first intercepting communication channels, penetrating local state feedback, pretending be neighbor, then initiating malicious attacks launching unbounded injections. A fully distributed resilient control framework is offered for secondary frequency regulation voltage containment ensure stability preserve...

Modern cyber-physical microgrids rely on the information exchanged among power electronics devices (i.e., converters or inverters with local embedded controllers) making them vulnerable to cyber manipulations. The physical themselves are susceptible potential faults and failures. Effects of these anomalies can propagate throughout entire microgrid due inherent low inertia distribution network. This work employs parametric time-frequency logic (PTFL) framework detect such anomalies. PTFL is a...

The fractal patterns are recursive and self-similar in nature. geometry provides better understanding of natural as compared to the Euclidean geometry. designs have been used extensively fields applied sciences due systematic methods for their generation. These provide benchmarks analyze roughness, narrow/broad vision objects. In architecture design, computational generation can prove be more reliable tools. simulated modeled, with several options, before implementing it practically. During...

This paper presents hybrid automaton modeling, comparative model validation, and formal verification of stability through reachability analysis pulse width modulation (PWM) dc-dc converters. Conformance degree provides a measure closeness between the proposed automata models experimental data. Nondeterminism due to variations in circuit parameters is modeled using interval matrices. In direct contrast unsound computationally-intensive Monte Carlo simulation, introduced overapproximate set...

Automata-based modeling of hybrid and cyber-physical systems (CPS) is an important formal abstraction amenable to algorithmic analysis its dynamic behaviors, such as in verification, fault identification, anomaly detection. However, for realistic systems, especially industrial ones, identifying automata challenging, due part inferring interactions, which involves inference both continuous through classical system well discrete (e.g., L*) learning. In this paper, we propose evaluate a...

Inverter-based microgrids essentially constitute an extensive communication layer that makes them vulnerable to cyber anomalies. The distributed cooperative controllers implemented at the secondary control level of such systems exchange information among physical nodes using meet objectives. anomalies targeting network may distort normal operation, therefore, effective anomaly mitigation technique Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is proposed in this paper. intelligent modeled a dynamic neural...

Smart grid systems provide reliable and efficient power through a smart information communication technology. Reliability of are great importance as any critical issue in the system will affect several millions device connected network. The reliability can be compromised by cyber attacks. This entails continuous security monitoring for systems. In this work, machine learning-based attacks detection is proposed. proposed mechanism shown to identify false-data injection attaks which one most...

The distributed cooperative controllers for inverter-based systems rely on communication networks that make them vulnerable to cyber anomalies. In addition, the distortion effects of such anomalies may also propagate throughout cyber-physical due layer. this paper, an intelligent anomaly mitigation technique is presented utilizing data driven artificial intelligence tools employ neural networks. proposed implemented in secondary voltage control control-based microgrid, and results are...

This article presents fully distributed Lyapunov-based attack-resilient secondary control strategies for islanded inverter-based AC microgrids, designed to counter a broad spectrum of energy-unbounded False Data Injection (FDI) attacks, including exponential targeting input channels. While improves scalability and reliability, it also increases susceptibility cyber threats. The proposed strategies, supported by rigorous proofs, ensure uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) convergence frequency...

An explainable intelligent framework for cyber anomaly mitigation of cyber-physical inverter-based systems is presented.<div><br></div><div>Smart microgrids essentially constitute an extensive communication layer that makes them vulnerable to anomalies. The distributed cooperative controllers implemented at the secondary control level such exchange information among physical nodes using meet objectives. anomalies targeting network may distort normal operation...

This work adopts an online resiliency monitoring framework employing metric temporal logic (MTL) under cyber-physical anomalies, namely false-data injection attacks, denial-of-service and physical faults. Such anomalies adversely affect the frequency synchronization, load sharing, voltage regulation in microgrids. MTL formalism is adopted to monitor outputs of inverters/converters against operational bounds, detect quantify microgrid's during runtime, compare mitigation strategies. Since...

Due to the nature of distributed secondary control paradigm, DC microgrids are prone malicious cyber-physical attacks, which could be unbounded maximize their damage. Existing resilient methods addressing attacks require that first time derivatives attack signals bounded. The defense strategy presented in this letter relax such a strict constraint by more generally and hence, enhance resilience adversarial environments. Rigorous proofs, based on Lyapunov techniques, show proposed method...

Analog-mixed signal (AMS) circuits are widely used in various mission-critical applications necessitating their formal verification prior to implementation. We consider modeling two AMS as hybrid automata, particularly a charge pump phase-locked loop (CP-PLL) and full-wave rectifier (FWR). present executable models for the benchmarks SpaceEx format, perform reachability analysis, demonstrate automatic conversion MathWorks Simulink/Stateflow (SLSF) format using HyST tool. Moreover, next step...

Various mission-critical applications necessarily require a transformer in switching converters to obtain DC isolation between the converters’ input and output. Since DC-DC are devices, these modeled as hybrid automata. We present automaton modeling of two main types isolated converters, namely, flyback forward converters. have also catered non-determinism for both. use HyST (Hybrid Source Transformation) tool automatically generate models SpaceEx format, perform reachability analysis, then...

An explainable intelligent framework for cyber anomaly mitigation of cyber-physical inverter-based systems is presented.<div><br></div><div>Smart microgrids essentially constitute an extensive communication layer that makes them vulnerable to anomalies. The distributed cooperative controllers implemented at the secondary control level such exchange information among physical nodes using meet objectives. anomalies targeting network may distort normal operation...

The distributed cooperative controllers for inverter-based systems rely on communication networks that make them vulnerable to cyber anomalies. In addition, the distortion effects of such anomalies may also propagate throughout cyber-physical due layer. this paper, an intelligent anomaly mitigation technique is presented utilizing data driven artificial intelligence tools employ neural networks. proposed implemented in secondary voltage control control-based microgrid, and results are...