Abstract It is commonly believed that solar eclipses have a great impact on the ionosphere‐thermosphere (I‐T) system within eclipse shadow, but little attention has been paid to global response these events. In this study, we investigate upper atmospheric responses recent Great American Solar Eclipse occurred 21 August 2017 using high‐resolution coupled ionosphere‐thermosphere‐electrodynamics model. The simulation results show ionosphere and thermosphere not just local global. Large‐scale...

Sporadic E (Es) layers are irregular structures that occur at the E-layer height of ionosphere, significantly affecting reliability and accuracy wireless communications, navigation, satellite remote sensing. This study utilized S4max data collected from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, Climate (COSMIC) occultation observations 2007 to 2016 identify Es layer investigate its climatological variations. The Horizontal Wind Field model (HWM14), in conjunction with...

Abstract The quasi‐2 day wave (QTDW) can effectively interact with atmospheric tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. We study effect of this QTDW‐tidal interaction on ionosphere thermosphere using thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere electrodynamics general circulation model. This reduces amplitude migrating diurnal tide by ~10 m/s neutral winds also generates sum difference secondary waves E region ionosphere. As a result changed sum/difference wave, vertical ion drift varies local...

Abstract Combined Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)/TIMED Doppler interferometer horizontal winds, Global Positioning System Total Electron Content maps, Constellation Observing for Meteorology, Ionosphere, Climate electron density profiles are utilized to study the westward zonal wavenumber 1 quasi‐6‐day planetary wave in both neutral atmosphere F region ionosphere under solar minimum conditions 2009. It is found that (meridional) wind perturbations maximize...

Abstract In this work, thermospheric densities from the accelerometer measurement on board CHAMP satellite during 2002–2009 and simulations National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (NCAR‐TIEGCM) are employed to develop an empirical exospheric temperature model (ETM). The two‐dimensional basis functions of ETM first provided principal component analysis TIEGCM simulations. Based temperatures derived densities, a global...

The plasmasphere is located above the ionosphere with low-energy plasma, which an important component of solar-terrestrial space environment. As link between and magnetosphere, plays role in coupling process. Therefore, it great significance to study electron content variation for Nowadays, topside global positioning system (GPS) observations on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites provide a unique opportunity estimate variations plasmasphere. In this paper, plasmaspheric total (PTEC) estimated,...

Abstract The F2‐peak plasma frequency (foF2) and the height of F2 peak (hmF2) are two most important parameters for any ionospheric model, as well radio propagation studies applications. In this study, we have developed empirical models to capture significant variations foF2 hmF2. derived (referred USTC within study) specified through global ionosonde reanalysis data based on International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) Consultative Committee Radio (CCIR) method Constellation Observindg System...

Abstract The midnight temperature maximum (MTM) is generally believed to occur over the equatorial region, while a few recent studies suggested extension of MTM middle and high latitudes. In this paper, we investigate latitudinal variations nighttime thermospheric density on basis accelerometer measurement onboard CHAMP satellite during 2002–2009. sampling allows for observation statistical average (MDM). From these observations, it was found that MDM thermosphere, manifestation MTM, occurs...

Abstract The magnetic field records of the magnetometer networks in American, East Asian‐Australian, and European‐African sectors were employed this present work. We used them to investigate equatorial electrojet (EEJ), counter (CEJ), tidal variability EEJ strength ionospheric current during 2005 / 2006 2008 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events. In addition well‐investigated over American Asian sectors, we investigated that African sector for first time. Interestingly, components...

Abstract In this study, we employed the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) and extended Canadian Middle Atmosphere (eCMAM) to investigate role of migrating terdiurnal tide on formation variation thermosphere midnight temperature maximum (MTM) mass density (MDM). The from eCMAM was applied at TIEGCM's lower boundary, along with diurnal semidiurnal tides Global‐Scale Wave Model. Several numerical experiments...

Nighttime ion temperature in the F region is generally thought to be close neutral at a similar altitude. However, few studies have been conducted that explore temporal variation between and temperatures night region. In this paper, similarities differences of nighttime over Millstone Hill (42.5°N, 71.5°W) were examined using incoherent scatter radar Fabry‐Pérot interferometer observations during periods 1–11 August 2011 12–23 January 2012, which represented summer winter seasons,...

Abstract The solar quiet (Sq) ionospheric current variations exhibit spatial and temporal patterns that can be identified by the prevailing eigenmodes based on empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. In this study, Sq over American European/African sectors are derived using ground magnetometer data from 2006 to 2019 spherical harmonic analysis technique. Subsequently, we decomposed into applying EOF analysis, where first three capture 96% of overall variance. Additionally, these...

Abstract Given the potential importance of solar quiet (Sq) ionospheric current in geomagnetic field modeling, it is vital to obtain accurate parameters characterizing its variations, particularly spatial and temporal variations. In this paper, we derived Sq function based on spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) technique using a 14‐year (2006–2019) record over American sector. The empirical orthogonal (EOF) was then applied deduce variations current. It observed that first EOF mode dominated...

The algebraic reconstruction technique (ART), multiplicative (MART), and simultaneous iterative (SIRT) are computational methodologies extensively utilized within the field of computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) to facilitate three-dimensional morphology. However, accuracy elicits recurrent disputes over its practical application, people usually attribute this issue incomplete uneven coverage measurements. Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM)...

Abstract In this paper, we constructed the Exospheric Temperature Models (ETM) on basis of CHAMP and GRACE data using different empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). The EOFs exospheric temperature can be derived either from satellite directly or outputs Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) MSIS models by applying Principal Component Analysis method. Then, thermospheric mass densities calculated ETM are used to compare with observed in order evaluate...

Abstract The Martian ionosphere has many similarities and differences compared to Earth, attracting significant attention. This paper utilizes radio occultation data from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), Atmosphere Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN), ESA Express mission (MEX), associated with measurements Advanced Radar for Subsurface Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) aboard MEX, investigate seasonal variation of dayside ionosphere. Data preprocessing is performed first isolate influence solar...

Abstract Thermospheric density, a crucial factor in spacecraft operations, poses significant challenge accurate determination due to the intricate coupling of thermosphere‐ionosphere system. Despite capturing long‐term trends, widely used empirical models, which are for low Earth orbit often fail reproduce small‐scale or short‐term variations thermosphere. This work presents novel approach model improvement. The background employed is our recently developed model, blends numerical...

Abstract Accurate modeling of the total electron content (TEC) benefits scientific research and practical application. In this study, global ionospheric maps from Center for Orbit Determination Europe (CODE) covering years 2000–2021 are utilized to develop an empirical model TEC by superposing tide‐like components in ionosphere. The components, including migrating non‐migrating ones, first derived daily CODE data. Then, sine cosine a signature separately decomposed into basic modes as...

The global ionosphere maps (GIM) provided by the International GNSS Service (IGS) are extensively utilized for ionospheric morphology monitoring, scientific research, and practical application. Assessing credibility of GIM products in data-sparse regions is paramount importance. In this study, measurements from Crustal Movement Observation Network China (CMONOC) leveraged to evaluate suitability IGS-GIM over region 2013–2014. indices mean error (ME), root square (RMSE), normalized RMSE...

The Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observatory (MERO) is a new platform, which expected to advance current radiation budget (ERB) research with better observations. For the instrument design of MERO system, ascertaining spatial resolution and sampling scheme important. However, knowledge about this still limited. Here we proposed simulation method for MERO-measured top atmosphere (TOA) outgoing shortwave (OSR) longwave (OLR) fluxes constructed “true” TOA OSR OLR based on Clouds Earth’s Radiant...

Abstract The longitudinal variations of the middle latitude ionosphere are investigated on basis in situ electron density observations from Planar Langmuir Probe onboard Challenging Minisatellite Payload satellite. This study specifically focused at geographic latitudes 40° both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. decomposed into spatial modes corresponding temporal evolutions by employing principal component analysis method, an associated empirical model is developed. results indicate a...

Abstract In this study, the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model and extended Canadian Middle Atmosphere are utilized to investigate seasonal variations of upward propagation migrating terdiurnal tide from mesosphere lower thermosphere (MLT). Three main conclusions drawn a series controlled simulations: (1) The background thermospheric zonal meridional winds neutral temperature can affect tide. (2) play an important role in variation vertical advection adiabatic...